Ogata T, Tanaka H. SARS-CoV-2 Incubation Period during the Omicron BA.5Dominant Period in Japan. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Mar 4 2022;71(9):335-340. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7109a2, Burki TK. Implementation of concurrent prevention strategies, including vaccination, masking, improving ventilation, testing, quarantine, and isolation are recommended to slow transmission of SARS-CoV-2, including variants such as Omicron, to protect against severe illness and death from COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) Variant United States, December 18, 2021. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Critical Covid-19 in Adolescents. BMC Public Health. The 95th percentile distribution for incubation period was estimated at 4.5 (95% CI 4.14.9) days during the BA.5dominant period, 5.2 (95% CI 4.65.9) days during the BA.1dominant period, and 6.1 (95% CI 5.56.8) days during the Delta-dominant period (Table 1; Figure). Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. It appears that a person is likely to be most infectious one to two days before symptoms appear, which continues for a few days after the symptoms begin, Weiss said. Lancet Infect Dis. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Jul 17 2020;69(28):923-929. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6928e1, Yang X, Zhang J, Chen S, et al. Users are referred to the electronic PDF version (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr) Persons exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in household, workplace, or school settings were excluded if they might have been exposed at another time. Jan 2022;22(1):306-314. doi:10.1111/ajt.16641, Tenforde MW, Patel MM, Gaglani M, et al. Notes from the Field: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection in 10 Persons Within 90 Days of Previous SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection - Four States, October 2021-January 2022. doi:10.1136/bmj.n385, Martin B, Dewitt PE, Russell S, et al. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. The. The Journal of infection. This is shorter than with Delta and earlier variants. (12), Several studies have reported ocular symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection, including redness, tearing, dry eye or foreign body sensation, discharge or increased secretions, and eye itching or pain.(13). The clinical presentation of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to critical illness. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. However, there was a range: Some . URL addresses listed in MMWR were current as of As of December 8, a total of 22 states had identified at least one Omicron variant case, including some that indicate community transmission. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Feb 4 2022;71(5):177-181. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7105e1, Olson SM, Newhams MM, Halasa NB, et al. The CDC recommends that everyone ages 5 years and older get fully vaccinated to. To accelerate detection of COVID-19 cases attributed to the Omicron variant until they are common enough to be reliably measured by routine genomic surveillance, enhanced surveillance was initiated through National SARS-CoV-2 Strain Surveillance on November 28. We defined the patient with the later symptom onset in each pair as the infected patient. 2022;6(5):294-302. doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00027-x, Torjesen I. Covid-19: Omicron variant is linked to steep rise in hospital admissions of very young children. The incubation period in this study for patients during the BA.5dominant period was markedly shorter than that for patients during the Delta-dominant period; this result is supported by those from previous studies (10,11). We enrolled COVID-19 infector/infectee pairs who lived within the Itako PHC jurisdiction and had a single definite close contact date with patients who had COVID-19 without other potential transmission settings. References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are Of the 1,216 samples collected during January 3February 6 in Ibaraki, a total of 1,158 (95%) were negative for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutation L452R (8). Questions or messages regarding errors in formatting should be addressed to Pediatr Infect Dis J. Apr 1 2022;41(4):315-323. doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000003449, Abrams JY, Belay ED, Godfred-Cato S, et al. Of secondary cases, 90% had an incubation period of 6 days for Omicron and 7 days for Delta. What is the incubation period of Omicron BA.2? Saving Lives, Protecting People, Itako Public Health Center of Ibaraki Prefectural Government, Ibaraki, Japan (T. Ogata), Public Health Center of Neyagawa City, Osaka, Japan (H. Tanaka), National Institute of Infectious Diseases. CDC twenty four seven. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Jan 18 2022;327(3):281-283. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.23262, Nygaard U, Holm M, Hartling UB, et al. Feb 24 2022;386(8):713-723. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2117995, Price AM, Olson SM, Newhams MM, et al. Infectees exposed while eating do not normally wear masks and may share longer exposure times, so they might be exposed to a higher viral load than those exposed through conversations while wearing a mask. BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination Against COVID-19 is Associated with Decreased Likelihood of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in U.S. Children Ages 5-18 Years. CDC twenty four seven. Use of At-Home COVID-19 Tests United States, August 23, 2021March 12, 2022. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. As a result of the more contagious BA.4 and BA.5 omicron subvariants, COVID-19's incubation period has changed in recent months, Chicago's top doctor previously revealed. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases from July 4 through August 19, 2022, was 12,577 in the PHCs jurisdiction, which has a population of 265,000 persons (5). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Mar 18 2022;71(11):429-436. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7111e2, Delahoy MJ, Ujamaa D, Whitaker M, et al. For those without symptoms, CDC guidance states they are considered contagious at least two days before their positive test. Anyone exhibiting symptoms should get tested for COVID-19. (11), Less common presentations of COVID-19 can occur. Mar 2022;28(3):756-759. doi:10.3201/eid2803.212607, Stokes EK, Zambrano LD, Anderson KN, et al. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. We defined patients in the Delta-dominant period as those who had symptom onset during July 23September 14, 2021, and either they or their contacts were confirmed to have L452R-positive SARS-CoV-2. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Nov 26 2021;70(47):1640-1645. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7047e1, Hcini N, Maamri F, Picone O, et al. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (15) Images of cutaneous findings in COVID-19 are available from the American Academy of Dermatology. Table 2. Meta-analyses of studies published in 2020 identified a pooled mean incubation period of 6.5 days from exposure to symptom onset. We must remember, however, that this is an average, and some people may have symptoms as early as two days or as late as 14 days after exposure.. Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Apr 10 2020;69(14):416-418. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6914e2, Kimball A, Hatfield KM, Arons M, et al. Omicron is swifter still, with an incubation period of roughly three days, according to a recent C.D.C. ThermoFisher Scientific. Feb 2022;10(2):e18. Omicron is thought to cause milder symptoms, according to early research.The CDC . Open Forum Infect Dis. Clinical Characteristics of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults: A Systematic Review. Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address: Tsuyoshi Ogata, Itako Public Health Center of Ibaraki Prefectural Government, Osu1446-1, Itako, Ibaraki, 311-2422, Japan; e-mail: kenkoukikikanri@gmail.plala.or.jp. Implementation of concurrent prevention strategies, including vaccination, masking, increasing ventilation, testing, quarantine, and isolation, are recommended to slow transmission of SARS-CoV-2, including variants such as Omicron, and to protect against severe illness and death from COVID-19. CDC. Some data suggest the incubation period for Omicron may be closer to three days.. Read our. Department of Health and Human Services. Accessed December 2, 2021. The estimated mean incubation period for patients during the BA.5dominant period was 2.6 (95% CI 2.52.8) days, and the median was 2.5 (95% CI 2.32.7) days. COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Hosts: What We Know So Far. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.26456, Melgar M, Haston J, DeCuir J, et al. Original Publication Date: January 31, 2023, Table of Contents Volume 29, Number 3March 2023. Two new Omicron subvariantsBA.4 and BA.5now account for 13% of new COVID-19 cases in the United States, a sizable leap from early May when the variants only accounted for 1%, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In adults, age is the strongest risk factor for severe COVID-19. Acute covid-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Carla M. Delgado is a health and culture writer based in the Philippines. COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review of cancer, hematopoietic cell and solid organ transplant patients. At the moment, there arent enough data to say for sure whether vaccination shortens the incubation period. COVID-19 Incidence and Death Rates Among Unvaccinated and Fully Vaccinated Adults with and Without Booster Doses During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Emergence - 25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4-December 25, 2021. Headache. Omicron made up an estimated 73% of new coronavirus cases between Dec. 12 and Dec. 18, according to the CDC. 2022:o110. EClinicalMedicine. Serial interval and incubation period of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. October 2021; The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. 2023;29(3):595-598. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2903.221360. Community and close contact exposures associated with COVID-19 among symptomatic adults. Apr 1 2021;4(4):e215298. The estimated mean incubation period for patients during the Omicron BA.5dominant period in this region was 2.6 days. Characteristics of the cases described in this report might also not be generalizable because case findings might be associated with individual characteristics (e.g., persons with recent international travel might be more likely to be younger and vaccinated). Clin Infect Dis. CDC recommends prioritizing case investigation and contact tracing for confirmed COVID-19 cases attributed to the Omicron variant. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Sep 10 2021;70(36):1255-1260. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7036e2, Siegel DA, Reses HE, Cool AJ, et al. Under . Each panel shows case density over time (top), a typical boxplot (middle), and cumulative distribution for the period (bottom). People can experience asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, including people who are up to date with their vaccinesand people who were previously infected. This is in part because Omicron is far better at circumventing the current vaccines than the Delta variant, . Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A): case finding through systematic review of electronic medical records. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Among Residents and Staff Members of an Independent and Assisted Living Community for Older Adults - Seattle, Washington, 2020. 2020/08/01/ 2020;81(2):266-275. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.046, Gerver SM, Guy R, Wilson K, et al. The CDC indicated the infections took 33 to 75 hours, a median of about three days to show symptoms after exposure. A study of the group released on Tuesday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggested that Omicron may have a shorter incubation period than previous variants: about 72 hours. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Jan 28 2022;71(4):132-138. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7104e2, Danza P, Koo TH, Haddix M, et al. Molnupiravir for Oral Treatment of Covid-19 in Nonhospitalized Patients. Risk of clinical sequelae after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study. Genomic evidence for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: a case study. As of December 8, cases had been reported from across the country; 22 states have reported at least one case (Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin) (Figure). An unvaccinated person had received no COVID-19 vaccine. The 95th percentile distribution for incubation period among patients during the BA.5dominant period appeared shorter than that during the BA.1dominant period, although the difference was not statistically significant. (16) Both people who have been vaccinated and those who have not been vaccinated can transmit virus. 2022/09/15 2022;doi:10.1007/s00431-022-04600-x, Zimmermann P, Pittet LF, Curtis N. How Common is Long COVID in Children and Adolescents? During the Delta-dominant period, the mean incubation period was 3.7 (3.44.0) days, and the median was 3.5 (3.23.8) days. Public health departments and laboratories in Arizona, California (including Alameda County, Los Angeles, and San Francisco), Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, (including New York City), Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin. Probability densities for incubation period distribution during different SARS-CoV-2 variant-dominant periods in study of SARS-CoV-2 incubation period during the Omicron BA.5dominant period in Japan. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. On November 26, WHO designated B.1.1.529 as a variant of concern (3), as did the U.S. SARS-CoV-2 Interagency Group (SIG)* on November 30. The omicron variant may spread faster and have a shorter incubation period, but that doesn't mean tests aren't effective means of detecting it. Health experts say incubation times could be changing due to omicron, but those who test early should continue testing even if they get negative results. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30145-9, Sadiq Z, Rana S, Mahfoud Z, Raoof A. In September 2021, a systematic review of all MIS-A publications reported a total of 221 cases, with a median age of 21 years and 70% of the cases being male. May 19 2021;373:n1098. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. A wide range of dermatologic manifestations have been associated with COVID-19; timing of skin manifestations in relation to other COVID-19 symptoms and signs is variable. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), B.1.1.529 (Omicron) (1), was first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) by South Africa on November 24, 2021. Demographic Disparities in Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19: Data From a Statewide Cohort in South Carolina. Omicron seems to have a shorter incubation period compared with other variants; the CDC reports that symptoms show up about three days after transmission. Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin; 2021. ** Based on CDC analysis of the sequences currently available, and accounting for clustering, CDC estimates a 95% chance of detecting the Omicron variant if it accounted for 0.03% of circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages during the week ending November 13 and for 0.05% of circulating lineages during the week ending November 20 (4). OToole , Scher E, Underwood A, et al. According to the Australian Department of Health, the incubation period for COVID-19 can range between one and 14 days, with most cases displaying symptoms by day 5 or 6 after exposure. The most commonly reported symptoms were cough, fatigue, and congestion or runny nose. There are arguments that could be made both towards shortening or lengthening, Weiss said. Even if most infections are mild, a highly transmissible variant could result in enough cases to overwhelm health systems. * International travel within 14 days of symptom onset or, if asymptomatic, first positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. Jun 2021;299(3):E262-e279. Jul 2022;6(7):459-465. doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00100-6, Belay ED, Godfred Cato S, Rao AK, et al. What are the implications for public health practice? This prioritization should be balanced with maintaining case investigation and contact tracing for outbreaks of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk congregate settings (e.g., long-term care facilities, correctional facilities, and homeless shelters) and for persons at increased risk for severe COVID-19related health outcomes. Procedures used for contact tracing and data collection for patient pairs with COVID-19 were similar to those described previously (6,7). Radiology. Through this program, international air travelers are offered molecular testing of pooled samples collected upon arrival and a take-home collection kit (saliva collection for nucleic acid amplification test) to be used 35 days after arrival with subsequent sequencing of SARS-CoV-2positive specimens; persons in pools with a positive test result are contacted and advised to get retested using the home collection kit or another method. BMJ. Hoarse voice. Second, patient pairs with long incubation periods might be censored during observational periods, and selection bias might result in underestimation. A vaccinated person had completed the primary series of a Food and Drug Administrationauthorized or approved COVID-19 vaccine 14 days before illness onset or receipt of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. COVID-19 Imaging: What We Know Now and What Remains Unknown. Clin Infect Dis. . Association between COVID-19 diagnosis and presenting chief complaint from New York City triage data. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab936, Patel P, DeCuir J, Abrams J, Campbell AP, Godfred-Cato S, Belay ED. Annu Rev Med. University of Texas at Austin. Clin Infect Dis. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions Top References CDC. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00011-X, Jayk Bernal A, Gomes da Silva MM, Musungaie DB, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The incubation period might be influenced by various factors, such as viral load, environmental setting, patient immune response, severity of disease, and selection biases. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. Sore throat. Reports on incubation periods for BA.5 are sparse. Update on Omicron. The first patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 was reported on July 4, 2022, to the Itako PHC in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Implementation of concurrent prevention strategies, including vaccination, masking, improving ventilation, testing, quarantine, and isolation, are recommended to slow transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and to protect against severe illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. The Omicron variant has an incubation period of about three days, which is shorter than the incubation period for other variants of the virus that cause COVID-19. A negative test result closer to the time of travel enhances reduction in transmission risk during travel (6). of pages found at these sites. One vaccinated patient was hospitalized for 2 days, and no deaths have been reported to date. Saving Lives, Protecting People. As the dominant circulating strain of SARS-CoV-2 evolved from Alpha to Omicron, the incubation period from infection to symptoms or first positive COVID-19 test result gradually decreased, from 5 to 3.4 days, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis published today in JAMA Network Open.. Omicron is the dominant variant in the United States, making up about 59 percent of infections for the week ending Dec. 25, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Tuesday. Aug 4 2022;doi:10.1093/cid/ciac637, Levy M, Recher M, Hubert H, et al. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of When Are You No Longer Contagious With COVID-19? Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Suggested citation for this article: . Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. The Lancet Haematology. But it would help explain the variant's rapid spread. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. 2021;325(11):1074. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.2091, Wanga V, Gerdes ME, Shi DS, et al. CDC: Study Finds A Shorter Incubation Period of 3 Days With Omicron, Compared to Delta. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Ogata, T., & Tanaka, H. (2023). Cough. Skin Manifestations Associated with COVID-19: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Nov 2022;53:101624. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101624, Tenforde MW, Olson SM, Self WH, et al. Statistics OfN. EClinicalMedicine. We defined patients in the Omicron BA.5dominant period as those who had symptoms during July 4August 19, 2022. Risk for Stillbirth Among Women With and Without COVID-19 at Delivery Hospitalization - United States, March 2020-September 2021. A recent study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analyzed data from six people who contracted the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and found that 73 hours (or three days) was the typical incubation period for patients. Mutations in Omicron might increase transmissibility, confer resistance to therapeutics, or partially escape infection- or vaccine-induced immunity. We extracted data for 266 infector/infectee pairs who had 1 definite date of SARS-CoV-2 exposure as follows: 122 infectees from 108 infectors during the Omicron BA.5dominant period, 68 infectees from 49 infectors during the BA.1dominant period, and 76 infectees from 51 infectors during the Delta-dominant period. Similar to previous variants, just because you dont have symptoms does not mean that you are not spreading the virus to other people. We fitted incubation period data for each subvariant to the gamma distribution model and calculated parameters and 95% CI within a Bayesian inference framework. JAMA Pediatr. Incubation periods are still just an average, and infected people may develop symptoms anytime within two to 14 days after exposure. 3501 et seq. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Jun 19 2020;69(24):759-765. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6924e2, Roxby AC, Greninger AL, Hatfield KM, et al. The mean during the BA.1dominant period was 2.9 (95% CI 2.63.2) days, and the median was 2.7 (95% CI 2.53.0) days. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. Effect of Covid-19 Vaccination on Transmission of Alpha and Delta Variants. BMJ. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Jul 3 2020;69(26):841-846. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6926e3, Clifford CT, Pour TR, Freeman R, et al. To receive email updates about COVID-19, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. "Omicron has the shortest incubation period. Post-COVID-19 Symptoms and Conditions Among Children and Adolescents - United States, March 1, 2020-January 31, 2022. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: A systematic review. Figure. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.07.030, Abu-Raddad LJ, Chemaitelly H, Bertollini R, National Study Group for C-E. Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections as Compared with Primary Infections. Journal of Infection. Apr 2021;27(4):626-631. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01292-y, Daugherty SE, Guo Y, Heath K, et al. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7050e1external icon. Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. Chest. Characteristics, Outcomes, and Severity Risk Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children in the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative. Pediatr Infect Dis J. Dec 1 2021;40(12):e482-e487. Exposure in restaurants has been shown to increase COVID-19 infection risk (14). Jul 16 2020;doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1012, Kompaniyets L, Pennington AF, Goodman AB, et al. Emerg Infect Dis. The score is derived from an automated algorithm, and represents a weighted count of the amount of attention Altmetric picked up for a research output. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. CDC continues to work with state and local health departments and other public health partners to conduct case investigation and contact tracing of travelers into and within the United States with confirmed COVID-19 attributed to the Omicron variant. 2021;156(2):185-197. doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqab052, Levi M, Thachil J, Iba T, Levy JH. SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy: characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized and non-hospitalized women due to COVID-19. According to Japans Infectious Diseases Control Law, public health centers (PHCs) must be notified of all COVID-19 cases and conduct contact tracing (4). (14) Some skin manifestations may be associated with increased disease severity. European Journal of Pediatrics. Sect. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey Technical Article: Impact of vaccination on testing positive in the UK. Some experts say the omicron variant has "sped up" timing for what many have come to know with COVID, including the incubation period, or the time between exposure and the start of symptoms. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Apr 30 2021;70(17):644-650. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7017e3, Chevinsky JR, Tao G, Lavery AM, et al. Dermatology. Mar 24 2021;21(1):247. doi:10.1186/s12884-021-03685-w, Wei SQ, Bilodeau-Bertrand M, Liu S, Auger N. The impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. Cough. Lancet Reg Health Eur. Fourth, the incubation period was calculated by the calendar date and not by real-time intervals. * SIG includes representatives from CDC, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
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