The sample on the slide below (Figure 7) was taken from the motor cortex, an area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex that is involved in the conscious planning and execution of voluntary muscle movement. Nervous Tissue DR. DEVI 1 16-4-19 2. The glomerulus contains some interesting cells, such as mesangial cells which have supportive and phagocytic properties; juxtaglomerular cells that secrete renin which acts, in a broad sense, to help regulate our blood pressure; podocytes that control the permeability of the filtration membrane; and many more. Nervous tissue. The four main types of stains used in histology are empirical, histochemical, enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical. I love Anatomy. In a transverse section of a nerve (Figure 10), single myelinated axons look like little circles organized in bundles called fascicles. This ground substance, also referred to as Wharthons jelly, provides insulation and protection to the blood vessels of the umbilical cord. They can be classified as sensory or autonomic. There are two types of EM: transmission electron microscopy, which requires very thin sections of tissue, and scanning electron microscopy, which uses larger pieces of tissue and produces 3-dimensional images. Neurons can also be classified on the basis of where they are found, who found them, what they do, or even what chemicals they use to communicate with each other. They are large, easily distinguishable, and have an extensive dendritic tree that is not visible in typical histology. They are stabilized by ligaments, flexible fibrous bands made of dense regular connective tissue. Author: Satellite cells are found in sensory and autonomic ganglia, where they surround the cell bodies of neurons. Review the organization of the spinal cord using your atlas. The lipids are essentially the phospholipids of the glial cell membrane. Ross, H. M, Pawlina, W. (2011). Lining ventricles of the brain, creating CSF. This coronal section includes the hippocampus (hippocampus = sea horse), dentate gyrus, and adjacent temporal lobe gyrus (entorhinal cortex). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Afferent, efferent, visceral and more. These layers of myelin are many times thicker than the diameters of the axons. Nervous tissue is made up of just 2 types of cells: Neurons. Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, Cellular membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, nucleus. DNA is condensed and coiled up into chromosomes. While their origin is not conclusively determined, their function is related to what macrophages do in the rest of the body. The central axons are so thin that they appear as purple dots in the middle of the lighter-colored circles of myelin. You may be able to see subtle differences in the distribution of cell types in rather loosely demarcated layers. Table 2 outlines some common characteristics and functions. In the above image, we can observe only the relatively large, triangular-shaped cell bodies of the pyramidal cells with clearly visible nuclei, parts of the dendrites, and the beginnings of axons. In the peripheral nervous system, the larger diameter axons are surrounded by a lipid-rich myelin sheath formed by the Schwann cells (Wheater's pg. The axons of pyramidal cells will descend through the interior white matter of the cerebrum into the three parts of the brainstem: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. Each one reaches out and surrounds an axon to insulate it in myelin. One oligodendrocyte will provide the myelin for multiple axon segments, either for the same axon or for separate axons. The relationship of these two types of glial cells to ganglia and nerves in the PNS is seen in Figure 5. Histology 5.ppt CT, Bone Histology 5 supplement.ppt : Histology 6.ppt Muscle: Histology Lab 4.doc Muscle and Start of Nervous Tissue: Histology 7.ppt M, Nervous: Histology Lab 5.doc Nervous (continued), Digestion Start: Histology 8.ppt Nervous : Histology 9.ppt : Histology 10.ppt Nervous: Histology11.ppt CNS, Digestion : Histology 12.ppt . Tissuesare classified into four basic types: epithelium, connective tissue (includes cartilage, bone and blood), muscle, and nervous tissue. Nevertheless, even if they cannot be easily seen, and one specific process is definitively the axon, these neurons have multiple processes and are therefore multipolar. 48 Spinal CordWhite Matter (Spinal Cord)View Virtual EM Slide In this field you see several oligodendrocytes, the cells that make myelin in the CNS, surrounded by numerous myelinated axons of various size, cut in cross section. That single axon can branch repeatedly to communicate with many target cells. In addition to pyramidal cells, other nuclei seen in these sections may belong to other neurons or to glial cells also present in the cortex. Some cutting edge research suggests that certain neurons in the CNS do not conform to the standard model of one, and only one axon. Pancreatic serous acini secrete digestive enzymes which break down fat, carbohydrates and proteins. Remember, this entire pathway is traveled by cells whose axons may be three feet long! If you are a University of Michigan student enrolled in a histology course at the University of Michigan, please click on the following link and use your Kerberos-password for access to download lecture handouts and the other resources. View HISTOLOGY OF NERVOUS TISSUE A.ppt from BIO 001 at Holy Angel University. The gray matter contains relatively more neuronal and glial perikarya, as well as non-myelinated (e.g. Neurons. These cells have a single, long, nerve tract entering the bottom of the cell body. Correct answer 4. When macrophages encounter diseased or damaged cells in the rest of the body, they ingest and digest those cells or the pathogens that cause disease. It provides preganglionic visceral motor output to sympathetic ganglia. How. Multiple muscle cells are bound by connective tissue into fascicles, and multiple fascicles join to form a muscle belly. . The dermis is a layer of connective tissue that contains collagen fibers, blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve endings. between a tract and a nerve? The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Using only histological evidence, could you determine from where in the nervous system a sample of tissue was taken? adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system). Histology Study of Tissues Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Nervous and Muscular Tissue Intercellular Junctions, Glands and Membranes Tissue Growth, Development . The ECM of nervous tissue is rich in ground substance, with little to no protein fibers. For oligodendrocytes, the rest of the cell is separate from the myelin sheath as a cell process extends back toward the cell body. A third type of connective tissue is embryonic (fetal) tissue, this is a type of primitive tissue present in the embryo and umbilical cord. Skin glands include sweat glands (apocrine and eccrine) and sebaceous holocrine glands, both are important in regulating body temperature. Do you know why some structures stain blue (basophilic) and others pink (eosinophilic)? Based on the number of processes, neurons are classified into multipolar, bipolar and unipolar. It will also benefit the publication of several new topics (Hematology, Pathogen ID, and Gross Anatomy). At one end of the axon are dendrites, and at the other end, the axon forms synaptic connections with a target. Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. Histology: An overview: want to learn more about it? Histological inspection reveals that each nerve fibre is actually composed of a large number of axons whose cell bodies reside in central or peripheral ganglia, the spinal cord or the brain. It has a similar role as the nervous system, working in tandem with it to maintain homeostasis of the body. They return this fluid to the heart, passing it through lymphoid organs. The layers of the blood-air barrier comprise of type I pneumocytes, basement membrane and endothelial cells of the capillaries. The branch of medical science that deals with the. This neuron provides preganglionic visceral motor output to sympathetic ganglia - Even though the cord is oriented "sideways," you should still be able to identify this cell as being in the intermediolateral cell column in the lateral extension of the ventral horn where pregagnglionic sympathetic visceral motor neurons are found. The inner edge wraps around the axon, creating several layers, and the other edge closes around the outside so that the axon is completely enclosed.Myelin sheaths can extend for one or two millimeters, depending on the diameter of the axon. Bones articulate with other bones by way of joints, which can be synovial, fibrous or cartilaginous. How is this different in the spinal cord? As a muscle contracts, its tendon transmits the force to the bone, pulling on it and causing movement in the associated synovial joint. Friday, August 26 It is named after the anatomist who discovered it (Jan Evangilista Purkinje, 17871869). There is a lot more to know about the female reproductive system. Be able to identify tissues in the nervous system (nerves, cell bodies and ganglia, and white vs. gray matter in the spinal cord, cerebellum, and cerebrum). The delicate meshwork of dendritic processes and nerve fibers (axons) lying between cells in the gray matter is called the neuropil. Neurons (Nerve cell bodies) 5 6 5. Because information flows through the neuron from dendrites or cell bodies toward the axon, these names are based on the neurons polarity (Figure 2). ("6" in the orientation figure) a molecular layer containing dendrites of the granule cells. The main effector cells of the lymphatic system are the immune system cells. The tissue is sectioned thinly enough so that light can pass through it. Because of the difficulty of discerning each glial cell type by routine light microscopy, you will not be required to identify glial cells in HE-stained sections by light microscopy, but you should be aware of their functions. Slides include types of epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle tissue and is ideal for an anatomy and physiology course. Additional sub-classifications are possible, based on the cell specializations. as white matter? Ependymal cells line each ventricle, one of four central cavities that are remnants of the hollow center of the neural tube formed during the embryonic development of the brain, as well as the central canal of the spinal cord. Ana 211 (Histology of Nervous tissue).pptx sunday godwin obaje Read Now Download Free PDF Related Papers Cancer Registry Report 2000 2002 Robina Greaves Download Free PDF View PDF Identification of OTX2 as a Medulloblastoma Oncogene Whose Product can be Targeted by All-Trans Retinoic Acid Timothy Parrett Download Free PDF View PDF Click on the white box with the question mark on it 4. These vibrate to produce sound as air passes through them. Available at theiTunes Storeand for Android users at theGoogle Play Store. Cerebellar . Still deeper is the white matter slide 077 View Image of the cerebellum, which contains nerve fibers, neuroglial cells, small blood vessels, but no neuronal cell bodies. Because of the privileged blood supply inherent in the BBB, the extracellular space in nervous tissue does not easily exchange components with the blood. Spermatozoa pass from the testis into the epithelial lined epididymis and ductus (vas) deferens via efferent ductules, then into the ejaculatory duct, which merges with the urethra. This traps and removes any inhaled dust, bacteria or foregn substances. One is the axon and one the dendrite, forming a straight line. EM works by emitting parallel beams of electrons onto the tissue sample. The nasal cavity contains specialized olfactory epithelium, providing the sense of smell. Myelin, however, is more than just the membrane of the glial cell. Schwann cells are different than oligodendrocytes, in that a Schwann cell wraps around a portion of only one axon segment and no others. The material presented details the chemistry, diagnostic application, and staining protocols for special stains used to . The cytoplasm contains specialized subunits called organelles which work like little organs. normal functioning and disorders of the nervous. It is related to both the circulatory system and the immune system. Histology is the science of the microscopic structure of cells, tissues and organs. This is a tapering of the cell body toward the axon fiber. This accounts for the name, based on their appearance under the microscope. The organization and morphology of the cells shown is found ONLY in the ventral spinal cord. The ECM of nervous tissue is rich in ground substance, with little to no protein fibers. the peripheral nerves and peripheral ganglia. It will also benefit the publication of several new topics (Hematology, Pathogen ID, and Gross Anatomy). Afferent nerves carry information from sensory organs to the brain, while efferent nerves carry motor impulses from the brain to the muscles.Taking location into account, the nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Structure of a Neuron. The choroid plexus is a specialized structure in the ventricles where ependymal cells come in contact with blood vessels and filter and absorb components of the blood to produce cerebrospinal fluid. Sensory reception is a peripheral function (those dendrites are in the periphery, perhaps in the skin) so the cell body is in the periphery, though closer to the CNS in a ganglion. Tissue preparation, tissue staining, microscopy, hybridisation. Muscle tissue maintains synthesizing and contractile functions. Neurons are specialized cells that contain a body (soma) and one or more processes (dendrites, axons). Depending on the type of cells present (fibroblasts, osteocytes, erythrocytes) and the ECM arrangement, connective tissue can be classified as connective tissue proper or specialized connective tissue. The first way to classify them is by the number of processes attached to the cell body. Sertoli cells prevent the immune system from attacking and destroying the spermatozoa. This is the reason why people with extensive burns are in life-threatening danger. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Afferent, efferent, visceral and more. (PWA), including the SecondLookHistology apps. The axon projects from the dendrite endings, past the cell body in a ganglion, and into the central nervous system. Please support theSecondLook initiative with a donation to ourMichigan MedicineSecondLook Donation Champaign(link is external). They are responsible for the computation and . They are separated into four categories: muscular, nervous, epithelial and connective. It monitors and regulates the functions of the body. Neurons are the primary type of cell that most anyone associates with the nervous system. The musculoskeletal system consists of hard tissues (bones, joints, cartilage) and soft tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments). Therefore, the purkinje cell somewhat resembles a shrub or coral in shape. The study of. The endocrine system is a set of tissues that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. The other major glial cell type you should know about are microglia which are small cells derived from blood monocytes. - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 2727 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 14 Provided by: apbrwww5A Category: Tags: histology | nervous | tissue less Type II pneumocytes are also important because they secrete surfactant which prevents the lungs from collapsing. Histology of Nervous TissueNervous system ppt #2. These include epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils, erythrocytes, keratinocytes, chondrocytes just to name a few. It contains connective tissue, mostly composed of adipocytes. They have rectangular bodies and many dendrite like projections stemming from their shorter sides. Oligodendrocytes have processes that reach out to multiple axon segments, whereas the entire Schwann cell surrounds just one axon segment. Microglia are the cells in the CNS that can do this in normal, healthy tissue, and they are therefore also referred to as CNS-resident macrophages. The other processes of the neuron are dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses. Neurons of the cerebral cortex are of varying shapes and sizes, but the most obvious arepyramidal cells. It is this myelin, a lipid-rich sheath covering axons, that causes white matter to be lighter in color than grey matter. Organelles can be membranous (mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum) or non-membranous (ribosomes, nucleolus, centrioles). Uploaded on Jun 06, 2013 Elina + Follow cuboidal epithelium water loss In the hippocampus orientation Image, observe: In the dentate gyrus orientation Image, observe: The "hilus" is the region where the head of hippocampus abuts the dentate gyrus. The nervous system is responsible for the control of the body and the communication among its parts. Any size contribution is welcomed and will help us to provide these popular review tools to students at the University of Michigan and to many more worldwide. Your donation will enable us to update all existingSecondLook resources and to transform them into completely free Progressive Web Applications (PWA), including theSecondLookHistology apps. Identify all four general tissue types Answer: epithelial, connective, muscular & nervous Which of the four basic types is described below: Contains free edge Lines hollow organs Anchored by basement membrane Answer:Epithelial tissue Which of the four basic types is described below: Lack blood vessels, Readily divide Cells are tightly packed DiFiores atlas of histology with functional correlations. In contrast, electron microscopes work by emitting parallel beams of electrons onto the sample being observed, resulting in higher resolutions. For Schwann cells, the outermost layer of the cell membrane contains cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell as a bulge on one side of the myelin sheath. Ongoing research into these cells, although not entirely conclusive, suggests that they may originate as white blood cells, called macrophages, that become part of the CNS during early development. Within the medulla, most axons will cross over to the opposite hemisphere of the brain from which they originated a process called decussation and then continue within the white matter of the spinal cord, before synapsing with interneurons and lower motor neurons, in the grey matter of the spinal cord. Epithelial cells form two important histological structures within the brain; the blood-brain barrier and the choroid plexus. Movement on one side of the body is often controlled by nerve impulses originating on the opposite side of the brain. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. It consists of neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia. The spinal cord contains a butterfly-shaped area of grey matter surrounded by an outer layer of white matter. Click on a question to reveal the answer. This is the final course in the series that will explore special stains used in the clinical histology laboratory. The predominant cells visible on the slide are called pyramidal cells (named for their triangular shape). Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells. Contrast the differences in the histological appearance of a pyramidal cell versus a Purkinje cell. All of this is surrounded by three connective tissue membranes (meninges): dura, arachnoid and the pia mater. Nervous or the nerve tissue is the main tissue of our nervous system. 1:00 - 1:50 Nervous Tissue ppt | pdf | lecture recording (for both hours) 2:05 - 2:55 Connective Tissue ppt | pdf. Mesenchymal cells are undifferentiated cells, which means they are capable of differentiating into any type of connective tissue cells (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes etc.). Tissues. . Based on morphology, epithelial cells can be either squamous (flat), cuboid (cube) or columnar (rectangular). Organs work together in systems. Connective tissue proper is further subdivided into loose connective tissue, mostly found in internal organs as supporting tissue stroma, and dense connective tissue, which can be regular (tendons, ligaments) or irregular (dermis of the skin, organ capsules). All cells of the human body are eukaryotic, meaning that they are organized into two parts: nucleus and cytoplasm. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. They have one axon and two or more dendrites (usually many more). The respiratory system consists of the lungs and a series of passageways (nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea and bronchi) that connect alveoli to the external environment. At low magnification, differentiate inner gray from outer white matter and identify dorsal and ventral horns of the gray matter. Correct answer 2. The cerebellum is the part of the brain responsible for integrating input from the sensory organs to coordinate the precise, voluntary movements originally initiated in the cerebral cortex. The lateral extension of the ventral horn slide 065-2 contains relatively large, multipolar visceral motor neurons of the intermediolateral cell column that extends from levels T1 through L2 of the spinal cord. With the exception of the unipolar sensory ganglion cells, and the two specific bipolar cells mentioned above, all other neurons are multipolar. The white matter contains nerve fibers (axons) entering and exiting the gray matter, and traveling up and down the spinal cord, linking it to the brain. Kenhub. Neuroglia. Both will appear grey to the naked eye and under the microscope, due to their lack of myelin. 3. This technique is used for determining the location of specific DNA or RNA sequences in cells or chromosomes, making it useful for various research and diagnostic purposes. Depending on the number of layers, epithelial tissue is classified into simple (single layered) or stratified (multi-layered). Myelin is a fatty substance that makes the axon appear white. Neurons are usually described as having one, and only one, axona fiber that appears as a long cord emerging from the cell body and projects to target cells. For example, nerves can be classified based on their function. True unipolar cells are only found in invertebrate animals, so the unipolar cells in humans are more appropriately called pseudo-unipolar cells. Thompson, Ph.D. Histology of Nervous Tissue Despite the complexity of organization, there are only two functional cell . Did you know that chronic alcoholics have a lot more smooth endoplasmic reticulum concentrations in their hepatocytes?
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nervous tissue histology ppt