is maple syrup high in histamine

Heres my ideal ratio: 1/4 cup of coconut sugar + 1/2 teaspoon monk fruit. Would L. Rhamnosus be a good probiotic? The SIGHI list scores foods from 0-3, with 0 being low and 3 high histamine. Weaponization of Coronavirus by David Martin, Hidden in Plain Sight: Histamine Problems. Indeed-- sugar is sugar, though some come with some extra nasties to watch out for. Histamine serves as a neurotransmitter, helps to produce stomach acid, and is an important immune mediator when not going overboard. Sardines are number one. Goat, Sheep, and rabbit are some that are not aged very long. The Weston A. Sugar is truly an addiction, Shellie; you're not alone in this. Some examples include cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, tyramine, and putrescine. ALLOWED FOODS AND FOODS TO AVOID I freeze bones as soon as poss and make broth in a pressure cooker and refrigerate as soon as cool enough and it seems ok for me mostly. Overall, manuka honey is low histamine due to the positive attributes it brings to the table, but most honey is high in histamine due to the sugar content. Hi! Your email address will not be published. Purpose: estrogen suppresses its ability to be broken down and excreted? GUIDELINES: Fish should have the guts cleaned out on the boat and be frozen immediately. If you eat a balanced diet, then your chance of lacking any of these nutrients is very low. Small farms often will freeze meat and poultry immediately after processing and can be good places to purchase meat. Is there a type of quark that would be low histamine? Price and the power of using food as medicine, which sparked a passion for a new career in health and nutrition and for improving her and her family's health. If you need to lose weight or improve your metabolic health, you would be better off skipping sweeteners altogether instead of going for maple syrup. Since my garden hasn't come in yet, and we have nothing else "food" to trial, we decided to give the maple syrup we found a shot. My go-to list has been the MastCell360, though she regards dates as high histamine while the SIGHI list has them at 0. Light amber syrup has a more delicate maple flavor, while medium amber has a slightly stronger maple flavor and is most often used as table-grade syrup. what are the differences between dried dates and fresh dates? Stevia In The Raw is a similar sort of sweetener in that it can be either liquid or powder. A little drizzle on porridge always makes it taste that bit better in the morning! She tried food rotation, ketotifen, quercetin, chromolin, low dose naltrexone, steroids, benzos, beef organs, etc. Some blood sugar-stabilizing foods to keep around include ginger, milk thistle, fenugreek, and bitter melon, all of which youll find in the most reputable herbal remedies for such. Why are they listed here as safe to eat? This has been one of the better articles that I have read online about histamine intolerance. Symptoms can include rashes, hives, itching, flushing, fainting, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), fatigue, chronic pain, trouble breathing and many more. Pea sprouts can be used liberally as they are high in the DAO enzyme, which helps break down histamine. Most often you need to jiggle it or help it with fingers. It has a similar consistency to honey, and the majority of maple syrup comes from Canada. 1 tablespoon of maple syrup contains the following vitamins and minerals: 20 milligrams of calcium. I really wish her doctor had recommended this first, he knew about it and said hed had other patients heal themselves this way. Over time, it will become easier to identify foods that are particularly problematic. None of these sweeteners have been aged or fermented, and while some have been heated, none have naturally high histamine levels nor do they release histamines in the body. Limit your intake of canned, dried, or salted seafood, such as sardines, mackerel, tuna, and anchovies, if you're on a low-histamine diet. 10. https://www.amazon.com/Caravaglio-Capers-Sicily-Pack-2/dp/B008SF2CZK. Im also a forager and one who gravitates towards medicinal foods so Im wondering about wild greens and histamine as well as oxalates. If you also choose to use honey on a low histamine diet, make sure its raw or minimally processed. Yes, even fruit. Maple syrup is a natural sweetener derived from the concentration of maple tree sap. Low Histamine Eats is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. There is no fiber in maple syrup so there is a very small amount of starch. Venison Thank you so much for the comprehensive lists, and explainations.. Ive suspected this intolerance and histamine overload for many years now and after much digging re: symptoms.. had reduced a few of the restricted foods for well over a year, and even more foods recently. Does anyone know if the protein powders that contain grass fed hydrolyzed beef protein are high in histamine? Histamine release was expressed as a percentage of total histamine. Yes, but a lot of things that can heal the gut are also very high in either histamines or salicylates, which makes it very difficult. Now I'm passionate about helping other people heal by learning how to cook delicious low histamine recipes. Hello, High-Fructose Corn Syrup: Just Like Sugar, or Worse? Brighton, Victoria: Leaves of Gold Press; 2014. But always introduce new foods with caution. Almost of the calories in maple syrup come from carbohydrates. Usually about 40 gallons of sap are required to produce one gallon of finished syrup. Thanks in advance! Next is the question of how they should be treated. 11. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85(5):1185-1196. Hello & welcome! Remember that histamine intolerance works like a sink. This includes sugar alcohols, like those used in no-calories sweeteners such as splenda or lakanto. Maple syrup offers some impressive health benefits of its own, particularly because of its high amounts of manganese and riboflavin. @Glenys, I had the same confusion about dates I suspect that the sighi list is talking about fresh dates (maybe more available in Europe? The Board of Directors This has great informationI have been suffering from food sensitivies for last 3 years and could not figure out what was happeningVisited several Allergist, skin speacialist and general physicians.All my numbers were in normal range..Then searching net I came across this Histamine Intolerance thing and found out what was wrong with me.. You have to choose your poison and your dosage. NeuroProtek. If youre sensitive to histamine I would avoid it. They are definitely not for me. Processing. Use caution with kale (small amounts only) due to its oxalate content. There is research showing that DAO supplementation reduces histamine levels,7 and quercetin and luteolin reduce the release of histamine and tryptase from mast cells.8 More research is forthcoming in this area, including the results of a just-completed clinical trial.9. The glycemic index (GI) is a value used to measure how much a specific food increases your blood sugar levels. "From a sugar standpoint, maple contains less sugar and less fructose. 7. Others will have no idea, usually. Maple syrup urine disease B. conversion of glutamate to GABA C. Biosynthesis of histamine D. Dopa-decarboxylase catalyzed reaction. Buy in bulk and do not defrost until ready to cook. Too much histamine is inflammatory. I think I have histamine intolerance rather than mast cell disease because I have no skin symptoms with the exception of the occasional itchy patch. If eating raw egg yolks, be sure to only use fresh, pasture-raised eggs from a known and reliable farmer; do not eat raw eggs from the supermarket. There are a range of chemicals released when mast cells degranulate and histamine is only one chemical. The golden goodness of organic maple syrup is the perfect addition to your morning pancakes. They give you a general outline of types of foods that aggravate most patients as a starting point and then you build up from there. . A major component of the treatment for either condition is to reduce the dietary intake of histamine foods as well as histamine liberators (see below). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03298568. Hi Janet, about the pork chops, my Dad used to make baked pork chops, he would buy a pack of pork chops, make stuffing from the box, and put a layer of that between two chops and bake. I am going on a 4 week elimination diet removing histamine linked foods. Unlike with histamine intolerance patients, it is imperative that MCAS patients implement a strict low-histamine diet (provided their diet is not already too restricted) and otherwise employ the same interventions that we use for histamine intolerance. Most others are fine, including pasteurized honey, sugar (of really any kind), maple syrup, pure jams and jellies. Show more Liberators, from what I understand, are more important for those of us with mast cell activation, because it is more than just histamine that were having trouble with. Read the guide on any device, online and off. The darker syrups are made from sap extracted later in the harvest season. These foods are naturally sharp, sour, or acidic. Canada is the world's leading producer and exporter of maple products, accounting for 75 per cent of the global market. Part of that reaction includes the release of histamine from mast cells , With the list of foods that you highlight later in the article as those known to trigger excessive histamine release, the biggest offenders among histamine foods, which include alcohol, fermented foods, smoked or cured meats, citrus fruits, shellfish, canned fish or meat, fish and seafood in general (except salmon, cod and tuna frozen on the boat), vinegar, strawberries, nuts, tomatoes and cacao.. Research: Dr. Theoharides at Tufts University. Before I realized that they were to blame for my continued stomachaches, I even tried using some of the lower-GI rated sweeteners below. Thank you, I am histamine intolerant and we now have to have the corona vaccination, I will not take the Pfizer because of allergies. AVOID: Vegetable oils, heat-treated or refined nut and seed oils, fried foods, processed foods, partially hydrogenated oils and fats, fish oil, avocado, olives, margarine and spreads such as Earth Balance and other fake fats. In recent years, acai bowls have become one of the most hyped-up health foods on the market. Peel the sweet potatoes. agave syrup: High fructose content-----stevia (stevia leaves, liquid, powder)----- . in human nutrition. The fact that maple syrup contains some minerals is a very poor reason to eat it, given its high sugar content. The Strictly Low Histamine Diet. Hello, thank you for this informative post. Replacing refined sugar with pure, quality maple syrup is likely to yield a net health benefit, but adding it to your diet will just make things worse. We like to start with the basics and move to considering complex conditions like histamine overload or mold toxicity only after we have optimized nutrition and GI function. I definitely do not recommend getting sick in order to quit sugar, but you're on the right track in thinking that you'll just continue feeling sick if you don't. 1. Ive been using this Monk Fruit Extract for about a year now, though I found this one to be good as well, and Im keen to try this liquid monk fruit once I run out of my current stash. ( 2) But the latter is off-diet because of the effect it has upon your blood sugar levels, which again, when raised, will also raise overall histamine levels. 5 milligrams of potassium. ANY powdered alt sweetener is suspect. Perhaps it would be best to avoid foods containing high levels of Benzoates while investigating Histamine, and to get Quercetin elsewhere, if that is part of ones strategy. . Your email address will not be published. You can also use this blend in some baking recipes where you need to cut down the sugar ratio but keep some of the bulk that sugar adds. . A. This coconut sugar is the first one I tried & Id still recommend, had I not found a similar option in my local grocery store. My son gets hives everytime he catches a virus. Low-histamine ingredients such as sugar, maple syrup and . fatigue. IMPLEMENTING A LOW-HISTAMINE DIET Another side effect of high histamine is anaphylactic shock. For more information, visit bodywisefoodsmart.com/. I get itchy skin, hives and constipation..Since I could not locate a doctor who have heard this problem, I am now trying to eliminate foods which are listed on various website like Healing Histamine, SIGHI and Dr Berg. Not all of us are affected by all liberators, but egg whites have been a biggy for me for decades, even before I knew I had this. Maple syrup: Anything that increases your blood sugar increases histamine levels.----- So, I need more science on this! People disagree on how much sugar is safe to eat each day. In addition, the high sugar content may affect your blood sugar levels though maple syrup may be a better option than regular sugar in that regard. Yes, slightly, because it contains some nutrients. This is such a good article about histamine intolerance! I am a long term CFS sufferer and had eliminated more and more foods as time went on to keep as well as I could. And that inflammation causes the mast cells to release even more histamine. Another question I have after reading is: are the FOREIGN PROTEINS in general triggering histamine release or are there specific AMINO ACIDS forming those proteins that are known, in abundance, to be the specific triggers? Daily Intake of Sugar How Much Sugar Should You Eat Per Day? Most citrus fruits Sources: Swiss Interest Group Histamine Intolerance (SIGHI) (pdf - the most comprehensive, breaks down histamine liberators, histamine blockers and high histamine foods, and yet still has quite a few contradictions) Also wish to try Qurectin and DAO supplement, Additionally, I will be grateful if anybody can give some comments on which multivitamins to take since I have problem with artificial color and preservatives, I dont understand why nettles are listed as avoid. The information below is adapted from the list provided in the book, Is Your Food Making You Sick? Low-histamine food lists on the Internet may not be very reliable because they often derive from the authors subjective experiences. Hope that helps . This article is rather cavalier about that. All processed meat, aged meat, meat that has been cooked and not immediately frozen, leftovers from the fridge, meat that is not fresh, fermented meat and canned meat. In the second, much more complex and insidious scenario, called mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), dysfunctional mast cells release too much histamine. Around 1/3 cup (80 ml) of pure maple syrup contains (2): Though maple syrup provides a decent amount of some minerals, especially manganese and zinc, keep in mind that it also packs plenty of sugar. When youre on a low histamine diet, sugar can become a huge headache (literally), as it can exacerbate your bodys reactions to high histamine levels. I keep seeing quercetin as a mast cell stabilizer but I dont metabolize sulfa well (I get a head to toe rash) so Ive also read to avoid quercetin. So while I wouldn't recommend any such sweeteners during the first month or so of your low histamine/elimination diet, I reintroduced them around month 3 and had no issues, though every story is different. Honeys of all types taste sweeter than table sugar, so you can use less of it in recipes, though I dont usually bake with it (see below). She then tried a neural rewiring program that treats the condition as a limbic brain injury. PEA SPROUTS: Although consumption of pea sprouts is optional, it is encouraged when possible. There are several different grades of maple syrup characterized by color, though classification can vary between countries. The conditions associated with MCAS are often complex in their own right. Here are the best sweetener options for low histamine diet adherents: Keep in mind that the histaminic impact of many of these sweet substances lies in the blood sugar component. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The Weston A. Pasture-raised eggs are ideal. Thank you. Epigallocatechin gallate is the causative agent of green tea-induced asthma. SEEDS MCAS is not fully understood, and its treatments are even less clear. I thought they were essentially the same thing..?? Glucose. It can be challenging, therefore, to determine conclusively whether someone is suffering from MCAS or histamine intolerance or both. i am waiting on this reply too, it is also in the gardisil vaccine, i guess common sense says it will create hyper allergenic responses, which i see in the young people these days, and something to do with estrogen?? I now realise that the many odd foods I had eliminated are now linked by a common histamine thread. Jill works with a wide variety of conditions and specializes in healing diets such as the ketogenic diet, the Patricia Kane membrane stabilizing diet and the SIBO diet. 2 milligrams of phosphorous. Low Histamine Pizza Recipe (Dough + Sauce), Crispy Baked Cauliflower (Indian Spices, From Frozen or Fresh). Thanks! You make it by mixing 1 tsp magnesium hydroxide with a liter of sparkling water (I use whatever is on sale and sometimes I get the flavored ones). I stick with lactobacillus paracasei as the exact stain is almost always given and I came across an article testing 40 different strains of paracasei showing analogous, MC stabilizing results. Molecular Immunopharmacology & Drug Discovery Laboratory. As well as maple syrup, another great low histamine diet food swap for sweet treats is agave syrup. Sugar doesnt directly release histamine, but sugar can cause a histamine reaction by increasing the level of inflammation in the body. Gibb JL. Are hydroponics safe? Remember that all honey has a GI rating of around 50 no matter the type or origin, so only take Manuka honey once youve approved it with your doctor. Maple syrup is made from the circulating fluid, or sap, of sugar maple trees. But its also because of which gut bacteria each of these sweeteners feeds, i.e. Btw this is the link to the study I semi-citef , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5004284/. Underlying MCAS is the leading cause of sudden death its nothing to fool around with. Heat 2 tablespoons olive oil in a large skillet on medium heat. (When buying fish from a local market, make sure that the vendor is trustworthy and the fish is of the best quality.) One company bought up the rights and charges monopolistic prices. I think tapioca is from yuca/cassava and taro root is different. I have MCAS and I have been following a organic whole food eat what I enjoy that Im not allergic to diet. 5. Are Acai Bowls Healthy? Does anyone have knowledge to shed light on this and/or experience with reactivity of either of these things? Ive listed them in order of Glycemic Index ranking, and added any other common names in parentheses. It is a definite no on some lists and a yes on other lists. Green tea helps me, and I prefer Japanese which is steamed vs Chinese which is fried. Either way, I'm sorry I don't have a more concrete answer for you, Glenys! Janice Jones but you likely mean: Dr. Salmon, snapper, Chilean sea bass, squid and octopus are commonly sold this way, but one should always check at the fish market. During the growing season, maple trees store starch in their . I did get some symptoms from regular almonds but I eat and do very well off of almond butter from Trader Joes. I try to get as much of the white connector pieces (called chalazae) off too without breaking the yolks because I have no idea if the connectors fall under the category of white or not. I have cottage Most histamine websites list raw milk as a high histamine food. This article explains whether maple syrup is healthy or unhealthy. This enzyme, called diamine oxidase (DAO), is responsible for breaking down histamine in the gut, the liver and other tissues. Can I ask why dates and date syrup etc. Darker syrups like Grade B supply more of these beneficial antioxidants than lighter ones (8). AVOID: Amaranth, buckwheat, quinoa and all wheat products. However, the majority of high-histamine foods are processed. ALLOWED: Fresh raw and cooked egg yolks. Ive been doing keto for multiple chronic digestive issues. Keep in mind, though, that any raise in blood sugar can cause a spike in histamine release. The best way to get these minerals is to eat whole foods. Short of picking ones own org. Histamine is methylated to a molecule called methylhistamine, which renders it much less toxic and ready for disposal through the urine.1. Its the last thing on my list to detox from. ALLOWED: Pasteurized honey (or raw honey from a reliable source), maple syrup, brown rice syrup, coconut sugar, treacle, molasses, jaggery, palm sugar, pure jams, jellies and marmalade. Perhaps someone can post a credible link to confirm this. My father had just died a few weeks before then my mother had a major heart attack, my stress levels were through the roof and being sick on top of it was just an environment for a perfect storm. (I sort of take one half the shell off then pour it into my hand) Hold it gently so the yolk stays in your fingers, but the white slides through. Maple syrup contains a small amount of minerals, such as manganese and zinc. " Manganese is a trace mineral," explains Lorencz. It was completely debilitating, she could barely leave the house and was in the ER with anaphylaxis on multiple occasions. Ive contacted the companies themselves, but they couldnt give me a precise answer. Soy sauce, tamari, coconut aminos, liquid aminos. Syrups are a Gray Area for Low-FODMAP diets Syrups and maltodextrins are tricky. Rather I choose to always consume Manuka honey at room temperature or stirred into a warm beverage (like my morning coffee). FRUIT I recommend sticking to just one list and observing ones body. One question I have is about pure jams. Price Foundation. I want to heal my gut but am unsure how. Thats because honey is a special case for people on a low histamine diet. Poultry: (chicken, duck, pheasant, turkey) o organic & grass-fed, o preferably skinless . Your article is one of the most comprehensive, primer-like that I have seen and spot on with the MOST helpful advice prioritized just as I would have put it. As Beth from Mast Cell 360 says in this blog post, all sweeteners foods which affect your glucose levels have the potential to start a reaction. Proper liver function is required to break down the histamine to be excreted as waste. Maple syrup boasts other compounds that may benefit health but most studies are misleading and sponsored by the maple syrup industry. Subjects included eight patients (four men and four women) with green tea-induced asthma, who had been diagnosed by skin test and inhalation challenge, and eight controls (four asthmatic subjects with no previous exposure to tea dust and four healthy volunteers). Sugar has been the hardest to give up. Cause gastrointestinal disturbances due to rich histamine content with body's inability to break down histamine due to pancreatic insufficiency. ), while mastcell360 and others mean dried dates like is most common here. (but not the white!) Dr. Lawrence Afrin and Dr. Theoharis Theoharides are leading experts in MCAS, and their websites are excellent sources of information about this complex condition.2,3,4 However, individuals seeking to heal with a predominantly food-based approach will need additional help. I know I should avoid fried foods since I have histamine intolerance, but my kids love fried pork chops; I make them sometimes to satisfy their taste buds. have an awesome day! Carbs. Where do cashews fall in foods allowed if you have histamine intolerance? This article reviews all you need to. What Is Juice Concentrate, and Is It Healthy? Maple syrup is a less bad version of sugar, much like coconut sugar. ALLOWED: All fresh vegetables (except those on the avoid list). Calories and Nutrition. High Histamine Foods PROTEIN Fresh! I thought eggs were high histamine even the yolk? Green tea inhibits the DAO enzyme (DAO degrades histamine) in the body. I am not sure the cause of my issue yet, but slowly trying to figure it out. . For my issues, sugar is sugar. The approach to deal with this situation must be multifaceted. The result is vibrant health for every age of life, including the next generation. It may depend on your sensitivity. In the US, maple syrup is classified as either Grade A or B, where Grade A is further categorized into three groups Light Amber, Medium Amber and Dark Amber and Grade B is the darkest available syrup (1). Required fields are marked *. My diet is very good but mostly included high histamine food and fermented food. And dont buy fish from VitalChoice. In two tablespoons, you get quite a bit of the mineral manganese and the B vitamin riboflavin,. Manuka honey is a special type of honey harvested from bees who only gather nectar from the Manuka flower. In a blender combine oats and chia seed and blend until smooth. Verify wether your brand does or doesnt. Worst Sweeteners For Histamine Intolerance, which can lead to an even more unhappy gut. AVOID: Flavored syrups, prepared desserts and icings and dried fruit; high fructose corn syrup and agave. I have more questions and possible solutions: I see that green and black teas are on the no fly list. Whites trigger me severely as a mast cell liberator, even if they are fully cooked or baked. Honestly, the only reason I cut it out successfully is because the first 3 days are the hardest, and having covid last month had me on bone broth & raw veggies for 10 days (couldn't taste anything), so the craving was basically gone once I was even able to taste it again. However, human studies to confirm these health effects found in test-tube studies are lacking. ALLOWED: Maximum one serving per day, or avoid altogether if symptoms do not subside within four to six weeks. At that time, just adding glycine calmed my brain without it I would get agitated, angry, easily annoyed. I have been treating my own histamine intolerance for 4 years, and of course many years of symptoms before that. These foods may be problematic for extremely sensitive individuals and may need to be avoided completely. A variety of factors will lead you to burying the white sugar even deeper in your pantry, but it might have surprised you to see things like xylitol and agave on the no-no list. Most people already eat copious amounts of sugar. But if you combine a few bites here and there of high histamine foods, your sink might overflow. I am trialing these INSTEAD of DAO pills. I react to both and wonder if others do too. Therefore, even though the protein content is often comparable, more fruits are liable to be high in histamine or even histamine liberators than are vegetables. Cheese that has been aged. GRAINS: Rice bran (especially from black rice) reduces histamine. Please look at Akari Theraputics Akaritx.com. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. It has been consumed for many centuries in North America. We would have saved an enormous amount of money, time and suffering. Its an interesting article but not complete. My daughter had MCAS / multiple chemical sensitivities / histamine overload / dysautonomia and more. Sadly, this is the American way. What can I do ? Low Histamine- Only These in First 4 Weeks I just wanted to note that as far as my research has gone, L. casei strains should be avoided as they have the potential to increase histamine production in foods (and therefore food fermented in the large intestine), and of course this can be strain dependent. It cant be good for you but has to better than fried, right? Mix until well combined. HISTAMINE AND ALLERGIES Sweeteners: No unpasteurized honey, chocolate, cocoa beans, cocoa. It is also a part of the immune system and nervous system with receptors all over your body. Especially during the first month or so of your diet, the sugar rush may be too much for your system (& your gut in particular). The glycemic index of maple syrup is around 54. Wild Boar (wondering if genetically its different from pig/pork). AVOID: All shellfish, fish that has not been cleaned and frozen immediately, canned fish. Would love to hear what you think. You will find the highest levels of glutamate in parmesan and Roquefort cheeses. Living like a tribe on a tropical island seems to be the best place to live to combat histamine intolerance. For meat and poultry, grassfed is best. I highly encourage anyone suffering to look into this. If this post on low histamine sugar & sweeteners helped you, please leave a comment below! The ancho peppers have more of the anti-histamine constituents. Break the shell, then let the egg drop out of the shell into your hand. This diet says plain, artificial sweeteners are okay. Most actual alt sweeteners are highly concentrated but companies also like a product that measures like sugar. Fluctuations in blood sugar are bad for your system in general, but high blood sugar levels are also linked to high histamine levels, which is why sugar is classified as an inflammatory food. I am not taking chances with the cooking process putting the offending liberating substance into the yolks.). https://chrismasterjohnphd.com/blog/2019/02/26/mthfr-just-riboflavin-deficiency/ 2 milligrams of sodium. We also recommend juicing homemade pea sprouts (which are rich in the DAO enzyme) as well as eating rice bran (in forbidden rice or black or purple rice), which has been shown to reduce the release of histamine from mast cells. In a large bowl combine squash, olive oil, maple syrup, molasses, vanilla extract, eggs. Can you recommend a good DAO supplement? Today, it is mostly made industrially from fructose by using bacteria and is available in the form of sweetener or a food additive (honey or maple syrup) [7, 8].

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