14k triad vancouver

[18]Channel Nine, Sixty Minutes, 23 June 1991 (transcript, p. 2). MJD members dismissed suggestions that criminal Triads controlled illegal gambling: Chinese casinos in Melbourne and Sydney were operated by individuals. Nine of the men were believed to have come over from the UK. Since the crackdown in Macau, the 14K triad resurfaced in various cities such as Los Angeles, San Francisco and Chicago in the United States; Vancouver, Calgary and Toronto in Canada; Sydney in Australia; and also the UK. [15]ABC TV, 7.30 Report, 24 October 1988 (transcript, p. 5). [39], In August 2008, the 14K was allegedly involved in a high-profile kidnapping of a Chinese family near Papatoetoe, Auckland. Tong Sang Lai survived the drive-by shooting and would remain in Vancouver for seventeen more years. 4.43 Some years ago concerns began to be expressed that the return of Hong Kong to the control of the People's Republic of China in 1997 would lead to an exodus of triad members. [53]"Cheap Asian heroin blamed for deaths", West Australian, 8 September 1994, p. 10. In 2018, the Treasury statement said, Wan established the headquarters of the World Hongmen History and Culture Association in Cambodia. [1] There appears to be no solid evidence of significant organised, ethnic-Chinese, street gang activity, although it is difficult to be sure as there are many media reports that refer simply to 'Asian' gangs.[2]. Nonetheless, the Committee found this approach by the Review somewhat puzzling, given the preponderant view (set out above) that concentration on triad societies and membership in them is of only limited value in understand and tackling ethnic-Chinese organised criminal activity. He suggested that wherever there was a Chinese community there would be some organised extortion. The power of individuals in these Australian Triad groups seems to be based on accumulated wealth, connections or demonstrated capacity for criminal enterprise rather than on traditional Triad power bases. The United States government has placed sanctions on Wan Kuok-koi, a notorious gangster and triad boss known as Broken Tooth., Wan is known as a leader of the 14K Triad, which the US Treasury described as one of the largest Chinese organized criminal organizations in the world, engaging in drug trafficking, illegal gambling, racketeering, human trafficking, and a range of other criminal activities.. [35] He also argued that: This is not to suggest that Chinese heroin groups are not 'organized'. John Horgan, British Columbias premier, recently announced an independent investigation into money laundering in the province. "[In] one conversation, the Hong Kong 14K member . A person claiming to be a student purchased 15 condominiums in one building in Vancouver in 2001 for $2.1 million, and the units would sell today for $8.1 million. [32]NCA, Shamrock Report, April 1991 quoted in a paper by the NCA Intelligence Branch, Progress Report to the Parliamentary Joint Committee on the National Crime Authority on the Chinese Organised Crime National Initiative, December 1992, para. They are the main rival of the Sun Yee On, which is the largest triad. Their associates within a group may occupy a range of levels in the supply chain and they will deal with groups which dominate particular levels such as the Chinese groups. More of it came through Canadas Ontario, Alberta and Prairie provinces than in British Columbia. In 1988, Justice Stewart told the Committee that there was some evidence that Chinese organised criminals were using ethnic-Vietnamese as 'foot-soldiers'. [36]. [20]"The Asian Connection" The Bulletin, 2 April 1991, pp. 4.50) presented a different view: While there had been concern that there would be an exodus of Triad members from Hong Kong to Australia in the lead up to 1997, it now seems probable that the Triads have already established themselves in southern China and that they are mostly unconcerned about the return to PRC rule. The 14K Triad Was Founded as an Anti-Communist Group. The laundering scheme is so infamous that investigators call it the Vancouver model.. - 14K Triad, which consists of twenty subgroups. [10]. 4.3 A 1991 assessment for the Commonwealth Government stated: In terms of what might be termed 'mainstream' importation of heroin to meet Australian market demand, the principal source region (in terms of regularity of supply) is South-East Asia. He had filed an application in Los Angeles two weeks earlier, on March 1. 67-68 (Evidence of D. Cohen, Associate Deputy Director for Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency). 05:30, 13 SEP 2020. The 14K (K) is a triad group based in Hong Kong but active internationally. Powered by. [7]"Asian crime gangs lead heroin imports", The Weekend Australian, 20-21 November 1993, p. 3. Modern triads trace their history to secret political societies formed in China during the 17th Century to overthrow the Ching Dynasty and to restore the Ming Dynasty to power. [4]Australian Federal Police, "Australia's Relations with Thailand: An AFP Perspective", September 1994 (a submission from the AFP to the Foreign Affairs Sub-Committee of the Joint Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade), p. 4. In the Netherlands, the 14K is divided into seven-to-ten-person cells (mainly in Amsterdam) that function as relay posts for moving heroin elsewhere in Europe. [42]. [27]Parliamentary Joint Committee on the National Crime Authority, in camera Hansard, 27 November 1992, p. 87. TRIAD GANG. Treasury ordered sanctions against Castaneda using both the Kingpin Act and the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act, which punishes those who commit serious abuses of human rights and corrupt acts. [2]See para. (Image: PA) A new book has revealed how heroin first flooded into Birmingham via a notorious Triad gang - and a barber shop. They are the main rivals of Sun Yee On and both have been subject to violent clashes throughout their history. Their activities are very diverse, also including [besides narcotics] gambling and illegal workshops. The conspiracy, news of which has scandalized the provinces largest city, starts in China, where precursor drugs used to manufacture the deadly opioid fentanyl are shipped to the Port of Vancouver and sold on the streets by drug dealers. The companies were entered on the U.K.s official registry of businesses, Companies House, based in London, but without the names of the owners. In 1996 Tong Sang Lai applied for residency in Canada at the nations consulate in Los Angeles, where, amazingly enough, his application was approved without a background check. [32]. [25], While active predominantly in Birmingham and the north of England,[26] the 14K also has a strong presence in London where they have been involved in turf wars with their rival Wo Shing Wo as well as Fujianese snakehead gangs. The laundering scheme included converting Russian rubles to U.S. currency, transferring millions a day to a shell company in London, and using more than sixty other shell companies and off-shore havens for hiding money, such as the Seychelles and the Marshall Islands. We pay our respects to the people, the cultures and the elders past, present and emerging. "I was informed that although the subject's financial record and transactions indicate trends of money laundering activity, they did not have sufficient evidence to meet the criminal standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt," says the December 2011 report by Canada Border Services Agency. CNN could not reach the association for comment on the Treasury accusations. Is that consistent with what you know?, That was acknowledged by other police departments, including the agencies that I worked for, that corruption did exist in portions of the Macau Judicial Police in the 1990s. A Crown source close to the board said the Melbourne-based casino group had been given inaccurate or misleading information by senior company managers prior to issuing the 2019 statement and that . Snowfall warning issued for parts of Metro Vancouver, Artificial intelligence used to predict cancer patient survival 'more accurately': B.C. Nicky is alleged to be close to the United States-sanctioned Chinese triad leader Wan Kuok Koi (commonly known as Broken Tooth), the head of the 14K Triad, one of the largest Chinese organized crime gangs in the world. In 2018, Global News Canada reported that Chinese organised crime had laundered around $5 billion through Vancouver property between . They want to eliminate the Sun On Yee and take their underworld superiority. Because the early triads were attempting to topple the ruling elements of the day, and had, in fact, been persecuted in the past they developed secret forms of identification and communication. . [16]For example, see "Chinese Triads behind '86 pc of heroin seized'", Australian, 13 July 1988, p. 3; "The story of a Chinese mafia", Melbourne Herald, 23 August 1988, p. 13; "The day of the Triads: Hong Kong's gangs move in on Australia", Newsweek, 8 November 1988. He arrived in Vancouver on October 20 and moved into a 750,000 dollar luxury home in east Vancouver. It is the second largest triad group in the world with around 20,000 members split into thirty subgroups. Steven Wong was head of the Gum Wah Gang, suspected of heroin trafficking, 14K Triad status and bloody murder in the streets of Vancouver. 's 2023 budget, 'Gross abuse of a position of trust:' B.C. [34] Another criminologist, Ian Dobinson, offered a similar view of the role of the triads in ethnic-Chinese organised heroin trafficking. Det. Its also the location of chemical factories that manufacture the synthetic opioid fentanyl and chemical precursors used to make the dangerous and addictive drug. Triad members do favors for each other, provide introductions and assistance to each other, engage in criminal schemes with one another, but triads generally do not have the kind of strictly disciplined organizational structure that other criminal groups like the Italian mafia have. So-called casino junket operators also facilitate the laundering of drug money in Vancouver. [20] The triad association is still very much active but now operate in smaller groups run by members and distant relatives of the Nam and Tsin family. Discovery Company. We are talking about the Sun Yee On, the 14K, the Wo Yee Tong, the Big Circle. [CDATA[ The symbol represents the three essential elements of heaven, earth, and man. Peter Chapman, Lais lawyer, asked Fisher if he was aware of allegations of police corruption in Macau, where much of the information on Lai originates. Since the crackdown in Macau, the 14K triad resurfaced in North American cities such as Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Chicago in the United States; Vancouver, Calgary, and Toronto in Canada; Sydney in Australia; and also the UK. The government would then create the Triad Societies Bureau in order to assist law enforcement in combating triad activities. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. As in Hong Kong, they provide a local pool of contacts for criminal ventures. All property or businesses owned, directly or indirectly, fifty percent or more by Gutierrez and Castaneda or the others designated as their cohorts, within the United States or possessed or controlled by someone in the U.S., can no longer engage legally in financial transactions. The U.S. Justice Department considers the CJNG one of the five most dangerous transnational organized crime groups in the world. [49] There is more recent evidence that suggests that the Vietnamese are no longer so ready to adopt subordinate roles. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1992), pp. - Chinese criminal enterprises, such as criminally-influenced Tongs and their affiliated street gangs, which control illegal gambling, loansharking, and extortion activities in many Asian communities. Dongmei, which could not be reached for comment, is a key investor in the Saixigang Industrial Zone Project, the Treasury statement said, a development linked to armed rebel groups in eastern Myanmar. This week, CNN reported that Zhao one of the worlds most notorious narcotics traffickers was closely linked to a casino development project in Laos, apparently with the imprimatur of the local government. Research in Sydney has been widened to focus on the Vietnamese and Sino-Vietnamese gangs engaged in heroin trafficking and money laundering.' Get started for FREE Continue. A strawman or stand-in buyer then purchases a luxury home or condo at a much higher reported price than the one paid by the Triad member, who makes a bigger profit. His 14K gang was suspected of drive-by shootings, car bombings and attempted assassinations. After the Sun Yee On, the next largest triads are the Wo Group, including the Wo Hop To and at least nine other subgroups, which have over 20,000 Hong Kong members. Compared with other triad societies, the 14K is one of the largest and most violent Hong Kong-based triad societies, and its members appear to be more loosely connected. So really, we have half a dozen gangs now operating in Sydney.' The conflict was his main reason for wanting to take his family and flee. [9]Australian Federal Police, "Australia's Relations with Thailand: An AFP Perspective", September 1994 (a submission from the AFP to the Foreign Affairs Sub-Committee of the Joint Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade), p. 4. The Man and the Wife bought their first home in Vancouver for between $2.0 million and $3.0 million, according to the study (exact details are redacted). In November 2011, Lai filed an application with the Federal Court for a judicial review of the agency's decision to try and have him removed from Canada. It has more than 55,000 . Because of the increasingly noticeable criminal activities of the ethnic Chinese from Vietnam as well as native Vietnamese, a CJC intelligence project has been launched to embrace total Asian crime in Queensland [52]. This chart, created by the U.S. Treasury Departments Office of Foreign Assets Control, shows the corrupt connections of Mexican state governor Robert Sandoval Castaneda. Aside from the Vancouver scam, Russian-linked businessmen reportedly laundered $230 billion through the Denmark-based Danske bank in Estonia (mentioned in this column in March) in eastern Europe. Interestingly, police caught the whole thing on wiretap. However, other sources[1][12] say 14 stands for the road number of a former headquarters and K stands for Kowloon. 5.40. The CJNG is headed by two brothers-in-law, Nemesio Oseguera El Mencho Cervantes, who is a fugitive, and Abigael Gonzales Valencia, now in jail in Mexico and awaiting extradition to the U.S. The assassination plot was linked to Simon Kwok Chow, the purported leader of the rival 14K triad in Vancouver. Police believe on one side of the bloodshed was the Shui Fung, or Water Room gang, headed by Lai. According to a Macau police document Tong Sang Lai was elected as top leader of the Shui Fong Triad in 1995. In 1999, a Portuguese court convicted 45-year-old mob boss Broken Tooth Koi on various criminal charges and sentenced him to 15 years' imprisonment. The players in the laundering plot in Vancouver are not just from China, according to Peter German, a former investigator for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, who wrote one of the government reports on money laundering. Can the dogs of Chornobyl teach us new tricks on survival? Over three days of hearings, the board adjudicator heard that B.C. [17]"Big Circle Gang a maverick group", The Age, 13 May 1989, p. 4. [8]New South Wales, Report of the New South Wales Crime Commission for the year ended 30 June 1993, p. 16. The war that was being fought under his reign was primarily about control of the VIP rooms at various Macau casinos. The U.S. also designated Gaytans wife, Liliana Roses Camba, who allegedly manages businesses that launder his proceeds from drug trafficking. For example, a triad member would not necessarily be required to get permission from the dragonhead of his particular triad in order to engage in a particular criminal undertaking - even if the particular deal involved an outsider or even a member of another triad. After the riot, the colonial government would then arrest over 10,000 14K members with 600 of them being deported to Taiwan. The Treasury Department also sanctioned two of Gutierrezs siblings, Ekira Gonzales Valencia and Ulises Jovani Gonzales Valencia, for their assistance in bribing government officials and laundering money for the two cartels. Further, sellers of high-end automobiles in Vancouver have no incentive to report suspiciously large cash sales. A woman dubbed a homemaker paid $3 million for 12 houses in the citys downtown from 2004 to 2007, and those are now worth $11 million. As an illustration, a former Queensland Criminal Justice Commission officer was reported in February 1994 as having said that Chinese heroin importers were the source for an ethnic-Romanian drug distribution network on Australia's eastern seaboard. [46]See "Arrests, drug seizure have hurt gang: police", West Australian, 24 September 1994, p. 31; "WA gateway for heroin", Sunday Times, 25 September 1994, pp. Lee "Paper Fan The Hunt for Triad Gangster Steven Wong" de Terry Gould disponible en Rakuten Kobo. 4.10 The Director of the United States Central Intelligence Agency told a United States Senate committee in April 1994: These triads are fluid associations of criminals and quasi-legitimate businessmen based on contact networks and cultural, geographic and linguistic ties. Equally, assertions that criminal triads exist in Australia as powerful, well-organised, functioning entities must be treated sceptically insofar as the assertions are based on statements from criminals claiming membership in such organisations. Today, there are only a few dozen groups with interconnected ties and allegiances . Macau was a violent place in the 1990s when the 14K the dominant triad society, led by the notorious "Broken Tooth" Koi was fighting a street war against the rival Soi Fong gang. [3]G. Wardlaw, D. McDowell and J. Schmidt, Australia's Illegal Drug Problem: A Strategic Intelligence Assessment, (A paper prepared by The Criminal Environment Assessment Unit), April 1991, Attorney-General's Department, Canberra, para. With that process stalled, Lai sent a letter March 15, 1996, withdrawing the application in Macau. A report subsequent to completion of this discussion paper indicated that the heroin was originally destined for Canada, and a last-minute change of destination by the ship resulted in the heroin coming to Australia: "Heroin trio face life in jail", West Australian, 10 December 1994, p. 6. Later in the statement (p. 83) the term "multi-ethnic Asian drug trafficking organizations" is expanded: These groups are often comprised of Chinese, Thai and other Asian criminals, who frequently use their current or past membership in Triads, criminally-influenced Tongs, or gangs to facilitate their activities. [10] However, the group relocated to Hong Kong in 1949 when the Kuomintang fled from the Communists following the Chinese Civil War. The Hong Kong Triad ( Honkon Miai-kai) is a blanket term for the real life criminal organizations that formed in 18th century China, now with factions all over the world. However, authorities believe that Belgium now plays an equally important role; heroin laboratories that were discovered in the Netherlands have been reassembled in Flanders, with strong bases in Brussels and Antwerp. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. He noted that 'law enforcement in Hong Kong appears to hold the view that small groups are involved and that there are no significant triad links'. The 14K (K) is a Triad group located in Hong Kong however they've expanded worldwide . [18], Two 14K groups, 14K-Hau and 14K-Ngai,[19] are among seven Chinese criminal organizations operating in South Africa, represented in both Cape Town and Johannesburg, specializing primarily in extortion and abalone trafficking (in 2000, the estimated gross income from the illegal exportation of abalone to Hong Kong was US$32 million). Broken Tooth Koi, a leader of the 14K triad." Fun Vancouver Fact: Wan Kwok-koi once ordered a hit on Lai Tong Sang, the head of another Triad gang. A foothold in Belgium also has brought the narcotics traffickers closer to the money-laundering banks of Luxembourg. They are the main rival of the Sun Yee On, which is the largest triad. 5.35. It had been imported into Australia on a bulk-carrier through the port of Geraldton by Chinese seamen recruited in southern China and Hong Kong. [30]More recent reports suggest that there has been a significant shift in the trafficking route, with only about half the heroin traffic passing through Thailand, with a significant proportion now going through China: "Pusher With A Cause", Far Eastern Economic Review, 20 January 1994, p. 26. Drug trafficking, counterfeiting, illegal gambling, bookmaking, arms trafficking, arson, fraud, This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 16:06. "It should be noted that it is extremely difficult to investigate or prosecute members of organized crime, given that they are often sophisticated, very mobile, have access to vast resources and use violence or threats to intimidate witnesses," says a report by Citizenship and Immigration filed in court. The NSW Crime Commission reported in 1992 on organised heroin trafficking: Some groups are concentrated at certain levels. The World's Online Gaming Authority Since 1995 . The point of conflict was who would control the VIP rooms and the control of the VIP rooms was important because it would give access to profit through criminal enterprises, Fisher testified. As a leader of the Shui Fong Triad in Macau he fled to North America after a violent war over the islands gambling riches drew too much heat. 14K and Shui-Fung reach into Vancouver . All of these groups also have substantial overseas membership. Johnny Kon, a former Big Circle associate and convicted heroin smuggler, testified that he helped organize a group of Big Circle Gang members into a tightly organized and disciplined group known as the Flaming Eagles which expanded from jewelry store robberies in Hong Kong to a world wide heroin distribution network. One of the studies, announced by former provincial attorney general Maureen Maloney, determined that the problem is nationwide organized crime washed an estimated $34.8 billion within Canada in 2018. Outside the hearing, he was more forthcoming. - Independent Asian gangs with international, national, or regional influence, including violent Chinese and Vietnamese gangs that are transient in nature. On May 15, John Horgan, British Columbias premier, announced the start of an independent public inquiry into money laundering in the province. Through such relationships, Big Circle members can call on triad members or other Big Circle members for help.". Launderers will have strawmen buy the luxury cars and ship them off to China. After the crackdown on justice by Macao, the criminal activities of the 14k have found new living space in the United States and Canada. The leader of a Macau Triad has lost his latest bid to remain in Canada. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993), pp. Get a roundup of the most important and intriguing national stories delivered to your inbox every weekday. Its my belief, based on all the information I have and Im not substituting my belief for a finding by the adjudictor of the IRB -that Mr. Lai was the head of the Shui Fung triad society in Macau at the time that he came to Canada, Fisher said. [41]Parliamentary Joint Committee on the National Crime Authority, in camera Hansard, 3 June 1988, p. 578. The 14K (K) is a triad group based in Hong Kong but active internationally. [10]New South Wales, Report of the Crime Commission for the year ended 30 June 1992, para. from the former Soviet Union). The 14K is engaged in large-scale drug trafficking around the world. Horgan appointed B.C. The term 'triad', later coined by British authorities in Hong Kong, is based on the triangular symbol found on flags and banners of the early secret societies. Hong Kong triads, including the 14K, have also expanded their activities in mainland China; a key motivation for members to cross into China is to avoid police security and anti-gang crackdowns in Hong Kong. Want to discuss? Upon his release in 2012, Wan, who had always maintained his innocence, sought to reinvent himself at least publicly as a legitimate businessman, reportedly backing ventures in Cambodia and Palau. The bubble in prices is so large that the citys residents complain they no longer can afford to buy a home. pastor sentenced for making, sharing child pornography, Unusual weather phenomenon observed during Ontario snowstorm explained, Regular sleep could help those who are trying to lose weight: preliminary research, Tom Sizemore, 'Saving Private Ryan' actor, dies at 61, Person in Florida dies after brain-eating amoeba infection, possibly due to sinus rinse with tap water, health officials warn, Cannabis edibles mislabelled as cannabis extracts may contain significantly more THC, Health Canada warns. Ma ordered numerous killings to protect his criminal enterprise. As well as blacklisting Wan personally and the World Hongmen History and Culture Association, the US also sanctioned the Palau China Hung-Mun Cultural Association and the Hong Kong-based Dongmei Group, both of which it said were owned or controlled by Wan. Use of this Website assumes acceptance of Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy | Accessibility. Two killed in bus crash on Lions Gate Bridge, Lions Gate head-on crash not caused by weather conditions: police, Man offered to pay 12-year-old girl for sex outside school: VPD, Teen killers' family lives revealed in transcripts, CTV News Vancouver at Six for Wednesday, February 22, 2023, Footage shows the moment 6.3 quake hits Turkiye, CTV News Vancouver at Six for Tuesday, February 21, 2023. If you have trouble reading the characters in the picture, click it to see a new one. 12-13. [14], 4.12 In 1988, Mr Peter Lamb, at the time an AFP Assistant Commissioner, said that there were 'between three and ten' triad societies then operating in Australia. Of that, the criminals invested $4 billion in real estate . Instead, triad members frequently branch out into their own criminal enterprises. The Triad is structured so that each branch has a "boss," with the boss referred to as "eldest brother" () by members below him, also applying . 489 indicates the leader, or Shan . These loosely organized groups are global in nature and scope, and are involved in the production, transportation, distribution, and money laundering aspects of international heroin trafficking. Around the time of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, Vancouver had become a convergence zone for Mexican cartels, Chinese triads and Iranian terrorist groups - thus delaying an under-funded, poorly . 4.33 Of the 33.667 kg of heroin seized at the Customs barrier in 1993, just over half (17.576 kg) was seized in NSW. They were soon followed by other families like Sun Yee On (the largest syndicate), as well as other groups like 14K. 86, 87. See also "Criminals know no boundaries", Sydney Morning Herald, 15 September 1994, p. 15: Senior criminal intelligence officers in the Hong Kong police believe that the biggest of the Triad gangs, the Sun Yee On, which is thought to have more than 30,000 members in the British colony, now has a stranglehold on the government of Guangdong Province [in mainland China] which boasts one of the world's fastest growing economies. Tong Sang Lai has always denied being a Triad leader. Rather, it is to argue that they are not organized in the sense of large hierarchical syndicates inexorably linked to various triads. You are contributing to debate and discussion, and helping to make this website a more open place. - The Wo group, consists of twelve factions, including Wo Shing Wo, and Wo On Lok. Under the sanctions, any assets held by Wan in the US will be frozen and American citizens are forbidden from doing business with him. Is an alleged drug kingpin from China investing millions in a port in Laos? Syndicates form for particular purposes in very flexible ways and may dissolve once the immediate purpose, such as a major heroin importation, has been achieved. [29]. Sun Yee On Triad reportedly started in Hong Kong in 1919 but is now based in mainland China and Macau. The transactions amounted to $2.1 million and US$140,000, the report stated. We believe that each heroin shipment has unique features. When Tong Sang Lai first applied for permanent residence in February 1994 a Triad war was lighting up Macau. Police believe on one side of the bloodshed was the Shui Fung, or Water Room gang, headed by Lai. Supreme Court Justice Austin Cullen to chair the investigation and gave Cullen the ability to order witnesses to testify and compel the production of documents. According to intelligence from other police forces, Fisher said foreign nationals were offered junkets to the casinos, where they gambled and spent their way into the debt of the gangs, in the form of either cash or favours. Prezi. A decision is not expected in his case for several months. [29]United States Senate, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, The New International Criminal and Asian Organized Crime, Report, December 1992 (US Gov. 4.27 The impetus for engaging in a particular criminal activity seems to come from the individuals rather than a triad. (The New York Times) There are media reports of increased triad activity in China, especially in the coastal areas, and in November 1994 China's Justice Minister said that the re-emergence of the triads in China was posing a serious threat to its social stability.

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