spanish civil war ap euro

by the end of March. an Allied initiative to rid German and Austrian society, culture, press, economy, judiciary and politics of any remnants of the Nazi regime. but he knew nothing of the generals' plans. This was a treaty signed between Fascist brothers Adolph Hitler and Benito Mussolini. Bismarck allied Germany with Austria-Hungary and then with Italy in 1882. instructors. The Nationalists and Republicans proceeded to organize their respective territories and to repress opposition or suspected opposition. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Correct the punctuation in the following sentences by placing semicolons and colons where they are needed. . In the elections of February 1936 the left won a clear majority. French fighters in World War II, who decided to continue fighting against Axis forces after the surrender of France and subsequent German occupation. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. The U.S. Army in the Pacific had been pursuing an "island-hopping" campaign, moving north from Australia towards Japan. a British politician and three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Germany and Italy sent troops, tanks, and planes to aid the Nationalists. He ruled a military dictatorship until his death in 1975. a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. From 1936 to 1939, civil war raged in Spain, on the periphery of continental politics. a 20th century garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature. A naval base in Hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which forced America to enter the war, Town in Egypt, site of the victory by Britain's Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery over German forces led by General Erwin Rommel (the 'Desert Fox') in 1942-1943. The Nationalists did experience some a military strategy used in a WWII where the Allies bombed the Japanese for days on end with the goal of weakening their defenses and bringing them to a surrender (which they never do). Picasso uses jagged, fragmented forms and distorted faces to great effect, creating an atmosphere of panic and terror. Five; lovely; great-aunts. "Monty", was a British Army officer. suppressing a Filipino rebellion against increased control by a foreign government adopting a policy of containment to reduce European colonization around the world C adopting a policy of containment to reduce European colonization around the world annexing Hawaii and Puerto Rico into the United States after the Spanish-American War D Term Paper, AP European History Class, April 2007 Table of Contents I. He, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. By the time the fighting ended on June 2, 1945, the U.S. had lost 50,000 men and the Japanese 100,000. II. While Picasso expressed anger and condemnation of Franco and the Fascists through his art he did not take up arms against them. Good Night and have a pleasant tomorrow. The Spanish civil war is one of the most famous coups in the world and took place between July of 1936 and April of 1939. He gained notoriety chiefly for being one of the SS physicians who supervised the selection of arriving transports of prisoners, determining who was to be killed and who was to become a forced labourer, and for performing human experiments of dubious scientific value on camp inmates, amongst whom Mengele was known as the Angel of Death. General Francisco Franco The city had endured a siege of nearly two-and-a-half years, and its residents were in no condition to resist. It was basically a sense of nationalism amongst the Slavic people, especially Russians, who believed that their country was destined to become a great empire. France signed treaties with each of the countries. His painterly skills are often attributed to the influence of Renaissance masters, French intellectual, novelist, essayist and critic, best known as the author of In Search of Lost Time (in French la recherche du temps perdu, also translated as Remembrance of Things Past), a monumental work of twentieth-century fiction consisting of seven volumes published from 1913 to 1927, a semi-autobiographical novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust. The Visual Front: Posters of the Spanish Civil War; From the Southworth Spanish Civil War Collection at the University of California at San Diego. The kite soared majestically over the treetops. a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd. A well-planned military uprising began on July 17, 1936, in garrison towns throughout Spain. The Spanish conflict quickly generated worldwide fears that it could explode into a full-fledged European war. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. held at the Anfa Hotel in Casablanca, Morocco, from January 14 to 24, 1943, to plan the European strategy of the Allies during World War II. a gathering of 730 delegates from all 45 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II. Continue to start your free trial. Some production of the Hurricane was carried out in Canada by the Canada Car and Foundry Co Ltd. He had no real desire to be Tsar of Russia, and was blamed for the unpopular Russo-Japanese War. AP European History Past Exam Questions Free-Response Questions Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. A war of attrition began. Successfully staved off an invasion by the German Luftwaffe. In 1931, leftist Republican parties triumphed in municipal and national elections, forcing Alfonso to leave Spain. Austria did not want the Serbs to gain access to the sea, so they too wanted Albania for themselves. Their blanket bombing on April 26, 1937 of the Basque town of Guernica was a tragedy not only for the Basques, but for the whole world., now introduced to a new tactic the deliberate bombing of unwarned civilians. The dictatorships, however, intervened vigorously. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg, Germany, from 1945 to 1949, at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice. However, many other invasions and operations had a designated D-Day, both before and after Operation Overlord. The Soviet Union contributed equipment and supplies to the Republicans, who also received help from the Mexican government. The ruling Republican government, led by the socialist premiers Francisco Largo Caballero and Juan Negrn (18941956) and the liberal president Manuel Azaa y Daz, was supported by workers and many in the educated middle class as well as militant anarchists and communists. Initial Nationalist zone July 1936 She started the journal Die Rote Fahne (The Red Flag). the killing of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, as part of a program of deliberate extermination planned and executed by the Nazi regime in Germany led by Adolf Hitler. The political and emotional reverberations of the war far transcended those of a national conflict, for many in other countries saw the Spanish Civil War as part of an international conflict betweendepending on their point of viewtyranny and democracy, or fascism and freedom, or communism and civilization. It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg. The Schlieffen Plan was constructed by Germany to deal with fighting a two-front war. In August 1936, more than two dozen nations, including France . Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. was a Russian painter, printmaker and art theorist. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Chamberlain is perhaps the most ill-regarded British Prime Minister of the 20th century in the popular mind internationally, because of his policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany, a leader of the Czechoslovak independence movement and the second President of Czechoslovakia. The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. a region of Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived; demanded by Hitler in 1938 to have control of this land; when Czechs refused, Hitler threatened war. defensive positions in a triangle of cities with the points in Madrid, Valencia, Review the vocabulary word listed below. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union. Nationalist, fascist leadership proved more effective at carrying an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. It failed in its purpose but was significant for later developments in international law. The Triple Entente was formed because France, after forming the entente cordiale with Britain, wanted to reconcile its other ally, Russia, with Britain. How was the Spanish Civil War a preview for World War II? It won the May 1936 legislative elections, leading to the formation of a government first headed by SFIO leader Lon Blum and exclusively composed of Radical-Socialist and SFIO ministers. These were delivered along with the usual political commissars, urging allegiance to the partly line. estimates. In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). . AP Euro. military problems similar to those of the Republicans. In 1937, Hemingway traveled to Spain in order to report on the Spanish Civil War for the North American Newspaper Alliance. One source of support for the They captured the Basque northern provinces in the summer of 1937 and then Asturias, so that by October they held the whole northern coast. He was a Swiss reformed Christian theologian and a leader in the neo-orthodox movement. EXAMPLE:The girl with the brown hair is a new student. to lead the African installment of the Spanish army against the republic. General map of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 a document that is an attempt to control king (Charles I) included: -no taxes unless approved by Parliament -no forced loans, no martial law in peacetime, no imprisonment without trial, no quartering of soldiers -KING NOT ABOVE LAW Charles agreed to the petition only because he needed the money lead up to Civil War adjective. Whither thou goest, I will go, as it says in Ruth 111 161616. Japanese city in which the second atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945). AP European History: Post-War Europe {{cp.topicAssetIdToProgress[11397].percentComplete}}% complete He was executed with his family shortly thereafter in 1918. Updates? steadily waned. First amphibious invasion ever. On April 1, 1945, they invaded Okinawa, only 300 miles south of the Japanese home islands. The Republicans, aided by the Soviet Union, This was created by Winston Churchill and President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a secret conference. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. On the other side, the Republican, were urban workers, most agricultural labourers, and many of the educated middle class. Ferried back to Spain in Italian ships, under the leadership of the general Francisco Franco, the Nationalists, as they were called, took control of the Spanish central region, which supported the rising. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). emperor of Japan during WWII. an alliance of left-wing movements, including the French Communist Party (PCF), the Socialist SFIO and the Radical and Socialist Party, during the interwar period. Between these extremes were other groups covering the political spectrum from monarchism and conservatism through liberalism to socialism, including a small communist movement divided among followers of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and his archrival, Leon Trotsky. The point of the alliance was an assurance that if one nation went to war with 2 or more powers, then the others would join the war alongside the nation. lasted nine days, from 3 May 1926 to 12 May 1926. An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. For each of the following sentences, tell whether the italicized word or word group functions as an adjective or an adverb. Spanish Civil War, (1936-39) Military revolt against the government of Spain.After the 1936 elections produced a Popular Front government supported mainly by left-wing parties, a military uprising began in garrison towns throughout Spain, led by the rebel Nationalists and supported by conservative elements in the clergy, military, and landowners as well as the fascist Falange. Many fled Spain, becoming refugees and awaiting the toppling of the It was a breeding ground for mass atrocities. Blum passed legislation extending the rights of the Arab population of Algeria. The alliance started to break apart in 1936, completely disbanding in 1938. He is best known for his landmark novel Ulysses. military Nationalists pronounced their intentions on July 17, 1936. one of the major German-language fiction writers of the 20th century. He proved incapable of managing the state during the time of political turmoil before the end of WWI, and was forced to abdicate his throne during the Russian Revolution in 1917. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. Amidst this rapid political fluctuation, and in the dawn of the Spanish Civil War, came the advent of the Spanish Falange. his people viewed him as a god. force, beginning in October 1936 with the creation of the Popular Army, which, The Republican forces had put down the uprising in other areas, except for some of the larger Andalusian cities, including Sevilla (Seville), Granada, and Crdoba. French Radical-Socialist politician, and Prime Minister of France at the beginning of World War II. The new constituent assembly was dominated by socialists, communists, anarchists, and syndicalists. the name used in the first half of the 20th century for the regions inhabited mostly by Germans in the border areas of Bohemia, Moravia, and those parts of Silesia associated with Bohemia. the German air force before and during World War II. for a group? Picasso, who had allied himself with the Republican cause, read about the massacre of defenseless civilians and the theme of the mural for the Spanish Pavilion suddenly presented itself. He successfully commanded Allied forces at the Battle of El Alamein, and troops under his command were largely responsible for the expulsion of Axis forces from North Africa. By March 28 all of the Republican armies had begun to disband and surrender, and Nationalist forces entered Madrid on that day. While the European democracies stayed aloof, totalitarian powers both communist and fascist sent soldiers and supplies. There were Four Irish Home Rule Bills passed by Great Britain, and they allowed for a greater amount of Irish control over Ireland. Fascist and extreme-right forces responded in July 1936 with an army mutiny and coup attempt that expanded into a civil war. First published in 1929, it was based on a series of lectures she delivered at Newnham College and Girton College, two women's colleges at Cambridge University in 1928. a German novelist, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and often ironic epic novels and mid-length stories, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and intellectual. Quiz & Worksheet - The Spanish Civil War | Study.com Check your understanding of major events and issues leading up to, during and after the Spanish Civil War with an interactive quiz and. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Nationalist forces put the figure at 1,000,000, including not only those killed in battle but also the victims of bombardment, execution, and assassination. Free trial is available to new customers only. The Nationalists had no such Lesson 5 - The Spanish Civil War & the Influence of Foreign Powers: . A German term used by Hitler to describe the German people, Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people, made up by Italy, France, and Britain to keep the status quo in Europe when Hitler decided to rearm Germany, this was a report generated by a League of Nations to try to determine the causes of the Manchurian Incident which led to the Empire of Japan's seizure of Manchuria; it condemned Japan for resorting to force, but the powers were unwilling to impose sanctions; Japan then withdrew from the league and kept Manchuria, these were Fascists in Spain; they lost the 1936 elections; as a result, Francisco Franco led an army against the republic; this coup d'etat was successful and Franco became the dictator of Spain. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Discount, Discount Code The Congress of Berlin was brought together by Bismarck end the Russo-Turkish War and to prevent an entire European war. On September 2, 1945, the Japanese emperor formally surrendered on this ship in Tokyo Bay. The Spanish Civil War was triggered by a complex range of events that were highly significant not only for the future of Spain, but also for the development of European politics in 20 th century. The painting is full of energy but there is no color and its monochrome, nighttime palette is bleak and disorientating. violence and anarchy which reigned in the streets of Spain. The Bosnian crisis occurred when Austria, who had made a previous agreement with Russia to support opening up the Straits for warships if Russia supported Austria. The painting makes a big impact, both emotionally and physically. Such was the case in 20th-century Spain, where several years of attempted republican rule erupted into civil war, eventually giving way to a fascist dictatorship that lasted well into the 1970s . one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. By the end of 1938, Francos forces seized Catalonia; by spring 1939, Valencia and the capital of Madrid. The His and his wife. disagreed with the leftist efforts at army reform, and viewed with distaste the . Peace was kept through the partition of the Ottoman Empire; Russians obtained Batum and Kars, won independence for the Serbs and Romanians, recognized Montenegro as an independent state, and divided Bulgaria into three zones still within the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary was to "occupy and administer" Bosnia, Britain received Cyprus (a large island), France was told they might expand from Algeria into Tunisia, Italy got cheated out of anything, and Germany got nothing. On April 14, 1931 the Spanish monarchy was declared overthrown and a provisional The Germans were far less generous, but sent the famous Condor However, this Nationally, representatives supposedly devised the country's plans for Italy's economic self-sufficiency. The ship had ten guns and was bigger and faster than previous ships. September 29, 1936, there was no one to challenge his authority. He was followed in May 1937 by Juan Negrn, also a socialist, who remained premier throughout the remainder of the war and served as premier in exile until 1945. During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. (2002) Compare and contrast the religious policies of TWO of the following: Elizabeth I of England Catherine de Medicis of France Isabella I of Spain The English Civil War . The terms of the treaty were that both nations would be neutral if the other was to go to war with another nation (though this did not apply if Germany when to war with France or if Russia went to war with Austria-Hungary) and that Germany would be neutral if Russia intervened in the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. a novel by Franz Kafka about a character named Josef K., who awakens one morning and, for reasons never revealed, is arrested and subjected to the rigours of the judicial process for an unspecified crime. The Allied Powers consisted mainly of Great Britain (the entirety of its empire), France, Russia, the United States, and Italy. Nationalists suffered from incompetent junior officers, but not to the same They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. aircraft and Soviet military advisors. He rose from humble origins to become the first Labour Prime Minister in 1924. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. overthrow the government. One of the most striking images of 20th-century art, Guernica is a nightmare vision of violence, pain, and chaos. It is considered an important work of Modernist literature. The revolt quickly became a civil war. SparkNotes PLUS an alliance formed in 1920 and 1921 by Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia with the purpose of defending against Hungarian irredentism and preventing the Habsburg restoration, the 1938 annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi regime, a British Conservative politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. He imprisoned and many upon coming to power--up to a million according to some Fascism was on the march. During the first weeks of the war, the Popular Front government of France also supported the Republicans, but internal opposition forced a change of policy. 100 Years' War Four causes are a dynastic dispute, Duchy of Aquitaine (England claim as ancient inheritance, Edward III claim Aquitaine and FR throne as edest heir of Philip the Frair), civil war in FR made war longer, economic factors (Flanders wool important to ENG). After winning the civil war he presided over the government of the Spanish State. boredom, disillusionment, or a desire for adventure as often as genuine This region had coal mines and was the center of steel production for the Germans. The right reacted with fervor. An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. The Algeciras Conference was begun by Germany after it had tested the new French-British understanding by sending a warship to the Tangier where Kaiser William II made a speech favoring Moroccan independence. The other great thing about teaching the Spanish Civil War in a European history class is its incredible wealth of documents. June 6, 1944 the day on which the Battle of Normandy began commencing the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. The Cold War involved propaganda, proxy wars, covert actions. The Entente Cordiale was an agreement between Britain and France to support each other against protests by a third nation and in which they cleared up conflicts about over-seas possessions (such as British occupation of Egypt and French penetration of Morocco). Tsar of Russia from 1894-1917, who is largely described as being in the wrong position at the wrong time. The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. There were 50,000 Italian soldiers in Spain at the height of The bombing hastened the end of World War II. A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre.

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