rajatarangini was translated into persian by

These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. As history of Kashmir, it has its undoubted deficiencies in terms of conventional chronology and the complex tapestry of myth and legend that it has largely woven together as content, but then is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. Because of the rising Buddhist influence, people stopped following the Shaivite, Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. Deposed his half-brother to become the king, but died after a week. The Loharas ruled for many generations. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dia Answer. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. He was (I.191) the first of his race. Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. The most glorious period of the Lodi Dynasty was the ruling period of Sikander Lodi. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? The author Kalhana was a son of a minister of Harsha of this family. Verse 12. Concerning past occasions. Comments have to be in English, and in full sentences. The Karkota line came to a close with the usurpation of the throne by Avantivarman, who started the Utpala dynasty in 855. Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. The book has a magisterial Foreword by Puthezhath Raman Menon, a considerable figure in Malayalam literature and a contemporary of the translator. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. In the early years of his reign, the actual power was held by Sussala. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. Raman Menon, Priyadarshini Publication Society, 1,200. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar. This article examines two translations of the textone "Orientalist" and the other "nationalist"with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. . He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. Rajatarangini, Telugu translation by Renduchintala Lakshmi Narasimha Sastry, This page was last edited on 14 November 2022, at 18:27. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new ruler. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. The Hindi translation of Pandeya Ram Tej is another well-acclaimed book. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Kashmira Kerala paryanthaamganatantrenashasssitam, Rakshayantujanaasarve, ekachhatramimaammaheem (From Kashmir to Kerala extending and governed by democracy, may all the people protect this lands sovereign unity). In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. and is known in general as a publisher willing to take chances with nontraditional His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. Kalhana's work uses Kali and Laukika (or Saptarishi) calendar eras: the ascension year in CE, as given below, has been calculated by Dutt based on Kalhana's records. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. His short reign was marked by a succession struggle with his half-brother Vajraditya II. Shivajis Guru was Shree Samarth Ramdas was a noted 17th-century saint and spiritual poet of Maharashtra. Neither in style nor in authenticity do these works approximate the quality of Kalhanas Rajatarangini. Son of Lalitapida and Jayadevi, made the king by his maternal uncle Utpalaka. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The author of the Rajatarangini history chronicles the rulers of the valley from earliest times, from the epic period of the Mahbhrata to the reign of Sangrama Deva (c.1006 CE), before the Muslim era. Hari Parbat is visible in the background. He brought back the Brahmans who had fled from Kashmir following the treachery of Mirza. Sample translated sentence: Heill on sen thden puhdas asema Jehovan edess. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. Omissions? In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). But his traditional conceptual framework, using uncritical assumptions and a belief in the role of the poet as an exponent of moral maxims, makes the idealizing content in his narrative, particularly for the early period, rather dominant. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: "River of Kings") historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. Rajatarangini can be a metric splendid and verifiable account of the north-western Indian subcontinent, mainly the lords of Kashmir. He devoted his time to sensual pleasures, and neglected royal duties. Gave lands to Brahmins. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. Introduction: The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haidar Khan.[30]. Verse 15. magnitude of the journals program within the Press is unique among American field of Asian Studies. Kalhana's account closes in the 22nd year of his reign. Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606-47 CE). Answer: A) Abdul Fazi. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage A New Hoard and An Anomaly", Rajatarangini: The Saga of The Kings of Kasmir, Rajatarangini and the Making of India's Past, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=1121892347, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Killed in a battle with by Krishna's friends. Learn about the life of Vallabhacharya, a great saint and philosopher. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. [20], Despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity in the earlier books of Rajatarangini. Published online by Cambridge University Press: It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama. Built a new city called Damodarasuda, and a dam called Guddasetu. Indeed, in the imagined community of multilingual India, Sanskritic culture is the one indissoluble bond between Kashmir and Kerala, forever sanctified by the epoch-making mission of Keralas Shankaracharya, the enunciator of Advaita philosophy. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. Who translated Mahabharata and Rajatarangini into Persian? It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. Abu 'l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonaraja's Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni translated into Persian at Akbar's orders. After his death, the queen committed. Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. All rights reserved. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Ramdas was a devotee of Hanuman and Rama. elsewhere. But with a small army, he fought and defeated the whole army of Kashgar. In recent years, it has developed its strongest reputation [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. [15], Sultan Alau'd-Din's two sons became kings in succession, Sultan Shihabu'd-Din and Sultan Qutbu'd-Din. [19][21] Scholars caution against accepting the allegations at face value and attributing them solely to religious bigotry. and interdisciplinary publications, both books and journals. He is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. Haksar captured the mystique of Indias coordinates in this couplet: It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. Uninvolved personally in the maelstrom of contemporary politics, he nevertheless was profoundly affected by it and stated the following to be his ideal: That noble-minded poet alone merits praise whose word, like the sentence of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in recording the past. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). Answer. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. The young Chippatajayapida was advised by his maternal uncle Utpalaka or Utpala (IV.679). Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. You can try more lenient search to get some results. Uchchala's step-brother; became the king after Radda's death. And with that touchstone, Kalhanas work can truly lay claim to an important place in world literature itself. The courtyard of the Jama Masjid, Srinagar. He was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic lifestyle. Son of Shankaravarman; ruled with help of his mother Sugandha; Murdered, Brother of Gopalavarman, died soon after ascending the throne. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old-style language, Sanskrit. Sikander Lodi was succeeded on the throne in 1489. In those authorities, Abul Fazl interpreted Ramayana into Persian. . Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered.

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