Advanced MR imaging of the cruciate ligaments. and Ventura et al. Indian J Orthop 48(2):197202. PROSPERO. Seven of the nine studies reported using the Lachman test to check postoperative ACL laxity. what causes mucoid degeneration of acl. Individuals with mucoid degeneration of the ACL were excluded. There was strong association between degenerative changes and MDACL (82% having chondral and 69% meniscal lesions), which might suggest that MDACL is a degenerative process. Slim K, Nini E, Forestier D, Kwiatkowski F, Panis Y, Chipponi J (2003) Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS): development and validation of a new instrument. Accessibility Reduction plasty for hypertrophic anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: clinical and knee laxity outcomes in 23 cases. 2018. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2325967118786930, Pandey V, Suman C, Sharma S, Rao SP, Kiran Acharya K, Sambaji C (2014) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: management and outcome. 2008 Jun;24(6):642-9. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2008.02.004. There was strong association between MDACL and chondral lesions (82%) and between MDACL and meniscal tears (69%). Five studies demonstrated improved postoperative functional outcome scores compared to preoperative scores [6, 14, 16, 18, 19]. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. Surgical treatment involves arthroscopic debridement of ACL, with partial or total resection, occasionally combined with ACL reconstruction. Mucoid cystic degeneration of the cruciate ligament. Mucoid degeneration of A C L is more common and literature has also reported many cases, but for PCL only few cases have been reported in English literature. Arthroscopy. The lesion may manifest as an elongated cyst along the long axis of the ACL, or as an enlarged ACL. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Arthroscopic resection of ACL mucoid degeneration is effective for treating pain and flexion limitation, but at the expense of anterior laxity. Mucinous material within the substance of ACL produces pain and limited motion in the knee. There is strong association between MDACL and chondral and meniscal lesions, which may support the theory that MDACL is a degenerative process. Bookshelf J Bone Joint Surg Br. However, in the case of mucoid degeneration secondary signs of an ACL injury are usually absent. . Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 99(6):693697, Khanna G, Sharma R, Bhardwaj A, Gurdutta HS, Agrawal DK, Rathore AS (2016) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: partial arthroscopic debridement and outcomes. Arthroscopic findings. The site is secure. The success of treatment for MDACL and the subsequent risk of instability is not known. Lintz F, Pujol N, Boisrenoult P, Bargoin K, Beaufils P, Dejour D. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 4. Symptomatic ACL mucoid degeneration in middle-age athletes. The retrospective study by Kim et al. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. It results in postoperative laxity, but rarely in frank instability. Download Citation | On Feb 1, 2023, O.R. Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: a case report. Imaging: Plain radiographs [6], in 62% of patients (18 of 29) in the study of Lintz et al. Anatomically, it is arranged in a crossed pattern with the Posterior Cruciate Ligament, forming an 'X', therefore, it is also known as cruciform ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Ser B 81(2):304305. Role of ultrasound-guided decompression in management of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. Introduction: The origin of MDACL may be degenerative or traumatic. The ACL appears on MRI to be enlarged with cystic changes throughout, however it is intact. This was lowest in the study of Cha et al. 2022 Nov 24. doi: 10.1007/s00402-022-04659-z. It is a chronic degenerative change of a bulky ACL that may lead to notch . Exclusion criteria were (1) case reports, literature reviews and conference abstracts and (2) studies written in languages other than English. The inclusion criteria for this study were (1) studies including symptomatic patients with mucoid degeneration of the ACL, (2) studies of 10 or more patients, (3) a minimum of 6months follow up and (4) patients treated conservatively or surgically (arthroscopic debridement with or without simultaneous ACL reconstruction). 2022 Apr 11;31:67-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2022.04.004. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. We report a case of mucoid degeneration of the ACL in a 50-year-old female with knee pain of 18 months duration. Google Scholar, Chudasama CH, Chudasama VC, Prabhakar MM (2012) Arthroscopic management of mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament. Bookshelf Arthroscopic findings. Presentation Patients usually present with nonspecific posterior knee pain with restriction of flexion. Lintz F, Pujol N, Boisrenoult P, Bargoin K, Beaufils P, Dejour D. Anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: a review of the literature and management guidelines. Anatomopathology samples were collected in 18 cases. 2013 Oct;99(6):693-7. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2013.04.010. Twenty knees (69%) had associated cartilaginous lesions and 19 (66%) had meniscal lesions. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Oct 23;34(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s43019-022-00169-9. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Mucoid degeneration of ACL is a disease affecting ACL in which mucoid like substance (glycosaminoglycans) gets interspersed within the substance of ACL and as a result ACL gets thickened. 2004;182 (5): 1283-7. Arthroscopic management of mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament. What causes mucoid degeneration of ACL? Orthopedics; anterior cruciate ligament; arthoscopy. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured of the major knee ligaments. Management of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: a systematic review. Epub 2018 Apr 21. 2. PMC Clinical outcome was reported using a variety of scores (the Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score) in the different studies; these are summarized in Table 4. At last follow-up, the mean visual analogue scale score, International Knee Documentation Committee score, and Tegner Lysholm Knee score improved (p < 0.01). eCollection 2021. 3. Conclusions. Possible etiologies include: It is postulated that mucoid degeneration may be a predisposing factor in the formation of ACL ganglion cysts. Histological diagnosis was established by tissue biopsy in all patients in five studies, with a total of 87 knees. https://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php?title=Anterior_Cruciate_Ligament_(ACL)_Mucoid_Degeneration&oldid=253974, Difficulty in climbing stairs, cross-leg sitting, squatting, Primary condition- Osteoarthritis, degenerative menisci, meniscal tear, Impingement of the soft tissue in the vicinity. Methods: Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. Epub 2018 Jun 13. 2. The mean follow up ranged from 13 to 72months. Mucoid change or mucoid degeneration refers to the irreversible tissue degeneration due to the accumulation of mucin within the fibers of tendons, ligaments, and fibrocartilage. Results: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. Characteristic: "celery stalk" appearance. Conclusion: Physiopedia articles are best used to find the original sources of information (see the references list at the bottom of the article). Eight studies showed postoperative improvement in range of motion, whereas Khanna et al. Risk factors Predisposing factors include the following 1: aging The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Average postoperative differential laxity on the Telos device was 8.3 mm (5 to 13 mm). 1. Physiotherapy. In that case, mucoid degeneration can be extruded from the ligament and will be removed in the saline flow. ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) mucoid degeneration means the lesion of the ACL. proposed a different intervention called reduction plasty, whereby the hypertrophic ACL is reduced to normal size without excision of all mucoid substance [17]. Ever since mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (MD-ACL) was named by Kumar et al. 2009. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. Unlike meniscal tears and chondral defects, the mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a rare cause of knee pain and there have been no case reports of mucoid degeneration of both the ACL and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Resnick D, Kransdorf MJ. -, Kumar A, Bickerstaff DR, Grimwood JS, Suvarna SK. The extracted data were heterogeneous in terms of outcome assessment. [Effectiveness of bone-anterior cruciate ligament-bone allograft in reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament under arthroscope]. Careers. 1992;159(2):35760. . Kim TH, Lee DH, Lee SH, Kim JM, Kim CW, Bin SI. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was required in only one young patient due to disabling instability. Online ahead of print. Postoperative pain relief ranged from 53.8 to 95%. In the nine included studies, four different scores were used for outcome assessment. All studies focused on the outcome of arthroscopic debridement of MDACL, with no studies on conservative treatment. Roberts CC, Towers JD, Spangehl MJ et-al. Nowadays, orthobiologics such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are increasingly used in ligament surgeries to improve healing. For non-comparative studies, this consists of eight questions. Methods From January 2012 to August 2013, 32 knees (24 females and 8 males with left knee of 14 and 18 of right) were diagnosed with mucoid degeneration of the ACL and underwent arthroscopic treatment, all of whom with a mean age of 58.817.97 years (42-74 years). Management of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: a systematic review. The need for delayed ACL reconstruction should be discussed preoperatively, especially if complete resection of the ACL is to be performed. Symptomatic instability was highest in the study of Lintz et al. . TS designed the project, literature search and wrote the manuscript. There was strong association with chondral lesions and meniscal tears. It can cause pain and to a meniscal tear. IV (retrospective cohort study). MRI is better at detecting mucoid degeneration than arthroscopy, as the surface of the ligament is often intact. . The rate of association between meniscal tears and MDACL ranged from 9 to 96%. Skeletal Radiology. Mucoid degeneration of the ACL is suspected when an apparently thickened and ill-defined ligament with increased signal intensity on all sequences in MRI is identified in a patient with physically intact ligament and no obvious trauma history. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Postoperative pain relief was reported in seven studies. -, Hodler J, Haghighi P, Trudell D, Resnick D. The cruciate ligaments of the knee: Correlation between MR appearance and gross and histologic findings in cadaveric specimens. . Bookshelf The site is secure. Mucoid degeneration of both ACL and PCL. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2008.02.004, Morice A, Coupry A, Lintz F, Robert H (2013) Reduction plasty for hypertrophic anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: clinical and knee laxity outcomes in 23 cases. "Traumatic theory - post injury, ACL fibroblasts secrete glycosaminoglycans, the mucin substance within the ACL. Cho SD, Youm YS, Lee CC et-al. (100%). Physiotherapy. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 04 Mar 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-3615, Case 11: with Hoffa fat pad ganglion cyst, Case 12: tibial nerve schwannoma and ACL mucoid degeneration, Case 1: Complete ACL tear and meniscal tears, Case 2: Anomalous insertion of the medial meniscus, View Frank Gaillard's current disclosures, see full revision history and disclosures, anterior cruciate ligament ganglion cysts, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, Ahlback classification system in assessing osteoarthritis of the knee joint, Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration, MRI grading system for meniscal signal intensity, Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament, congenital or acquired synovial tissue entrapment between ACL fibers. Anatomically, it is arranged in a crossed pattern with the Posterior Cruciate Ligament, forming an 'X', therefore, it is also known as cruciform ligament. Besides, the patient may also have trouble in moving. in 1999 [1]. Second, methodological quality assessment showed that three studies had low methodological quality. 2022 Nov 24. doi: 10.1007/s00402-022-04659-z. Therefore, indications for ACL resection must be carefully selected. Online ahead of print. Google Scholar, Lintz F, Pujol N, Dejour D, Boisrenoult P, Beaufils P (2010) Anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: selecting the best treatment option. 1173185. In contrast to the tear, mucoid degeneration of the ACL characteristically does not cause knee instability [20, 21, 22]. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) mucoid degeneration, along with tears and anterior cruciate ligament ganglion cysts, is a relatively common cause of increased signal within the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL ). Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. Both anterior cruciate ligament ganglion cysts and mucoid degeneration have a high association with intraosseous cysts [3] (figures 1 and 2). Hide glossary Glossary. The minimum follow-up was 3 years. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Radiologic findings associated with mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. Epub 2018 Aug 22. It often presents with progressive knee pain, restriction in range of motion without a significant history of trauma, and without knee instability. Epub 2008 Apr 18. 8600 Rockville Pike had the largest number of patients (91) with a mean age of 61 years, which was the oldest study population amongst the nine studies [16]. 2013 Jun 20;15:59. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2013.15.59.2534. The .gov means its official. Epub 2011 Feb 18. CAS government site. 2022 Jun 2;20(1):225-228. doi: 10.33314/jnhrc.v20i01.4182. 1 Its prevalence in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is 1.8-5.3%, but not all lesions are symptomatic.2, 3 It is characterized by infiltration of mucoid-like substance (glycosaminoglycans) interspersed within the Careers. Conclusions: Mucoid degeneration of the ACL is a clinical condition afflicting active middle-aged people without a single significant traumatic episode with a specific MRI picture. (B) Partial resection, MeSH Recent studies have reported that the prevalence of ACL mucoid degeneration is approximately 2-14% [20, 23, 24, 25]. PubMed 2007;15 (1): 73-86. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. Anterior cruciate ligament ganglia and mucoid degeneration: Coexistence and clinical correlation. Morice et al. Arthroscopic debridement of the ACL was the intervention in eight studies, whereas Morice et al. Third, clinical outcomes were reported using a variety of scores, so a data meta-analysis was not possible. ANZ J Surg 73(9):712716. Sweed T, Mussa M, El-Bakoury A, Geutjens G, Metcalfe A. Knee Surg Relat Res. Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee can cause knee pain and other symptoms. Postoperative Lachman test was positive in 40% of patients, and 6% of patients had symptomatic instability. Radiology. All nine studies included patients with symptomatic MDACL confirmed by MRI (Table3). Disclaimer. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of the retrieved records for eligibility. (48.2% (14/29 patients) with symptomatic instability), which may be due to the large number of patients with total resection of the ACL (58.6% (17 out of 29 patients)) (Table 4). The appearance can mimic acute or chronic interstitial partial tears of the ACL. Arthroscopy. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. Clin Orthop Surg. Symptoms included limited range of motion (ROM) and posterior knee pain. [17] do not mention whether any patients underwent biopsy (Table 3). FOIA The mean MINORS score was 9.5 (range 412). Along with that, it also controls the internal rotation. Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: MRI, clinical, intraoperative, and histological findings. 2011 Aug 1;19(8):1326-33. There was an improvement in postoperative range of motion and outcome scores (Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score). Quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria. 2007;90(3):1923. The purpose of this study was to diagnose mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament and to assess the effectiveness of arthroscopic treatment in these patients.Materials and MethodsBetween December 2007 and November 2011, 20 patients were diagnosed to be suffering from mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) on the basis . The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). -osis is a suffix denoting a process, condition, or state, the histology of the Achilles tendon and in ACL injuries(24-26). Epub 2021 Nov 24. Arthroscopic debridement of the mucoid degeneration of the ACL was safe and effective in the patient. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help What Is Mucoid Degeneration of the ACL? Other theories include Degenerative theory- MD could occur due to ageing.[3]. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.128765, Article Arthroscopic treatment may include ACL resection, which raises the questions about the harmlessness of this procedure and the risk of anterior instability. Only three studies mentioned failed conservative treatment as an inclusion criterion [14, 15, 18]. Rajani AM, Shah UA, Mittal ARS, Gupta S, Garg R, Punamiya M. Knee Surg Relat Res. reported total resection of the ACL in 68% of patients: one young patient had disabling instability and subsequent ACL reconstruction. National Library of Medicine Cite this article. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is the most useful tool for differentiating mucoid degeneration of the ACL from an intraligamentous ganglion or other lesions in the knee joint and if this disease is considered preoperatively, it can be diagnosed easily based on characteristic findings. Anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: selecting the best treatment option. 2018 Apr;34(4):1054-1059. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2017.10.039. The prevalence of MDACL on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ranges from 1.8 to 5.3% [4, 5]. Signal intensity of the anteromedial bundle (AMB) or posterolateral bundle (PLB) graft standardized to the intensity of the PCL was defined as signal intensity ratio (SIR). mucoid degeneration of acl mri. Study record managers: refer to the Data Element Definitions if submitting registration or results information.. Search for terms Pan African Medical Journal. It is commonly identified on MRI in association with other pathological findings and can be confused with partial ACL tears. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. 287 (3): 912-921. These appearances must be differentiated from mucoid degeneration of the intact ACL. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Arthroscopy. Disclaimer. Introduction Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a little-known pathology. and transmitted securely. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. and transmitted securely. [Diagnosis and treatment of anterior cruciate ligament cysts]. A historical cohort of patients who underwent arthroscopic total or partial excision of the anterior cruciate ligament due to mucoid degeneration between 2011 and 2014 were reviewed. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! This ranged from 90 to 95% in all studies, except in the report by Kim et al., where only 53.8% of patients (57/106) had complete pain relief after surgery. 2009 Jul;17(7):737-40. doi: 10.1007/s00167-008-0690-z. Rehabilitation, speech therapy, crenotherapy. 2020 Jun 2. el Kadi KI, Marcaillou F, Blanc S, Salloum B, Dimontagliari C, Boutayeb F. Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: a case report. Khanna et al. Mucoid degeneration (MD) of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a rare pathological entity with disputed theories of origin. MM and A performed the literature search, and data analysis. Mucoid degeneration itself is described as a yellow or brown substance which can be either seen through the most anterior fibers of the ACL or found by probing between them [ 19, 35] (Fig. All nine studies were case series; six were retrospective and three were prospective studies. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 96(4):400406, Bergin D, Morrison WB, Carrino JA, Nallamshetty SN, Bartolozzi AR (2004) Anterior cruciate ligament ganglia and mucoid degeneration: coexistence and clinical correlation. Its signal is increased on all sequences. Before The aetiology of MDACL is not fully understood, hence, there are multiple theories on this. FOIA It has recently been postulated that mucoid degeneration of the ACL is related to the medial knee compartment joint space loss in patients with osteoarthritis or in the OA risk group 6. The aim of this study was to detail the clinical, radiological, arthroscopic, and pathological findings of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament and report the clinical outcomes following arthroscopic treatment. Meniscectomy was undertaken in 11 cases (41%). Arthroscopic treatment of mucoid hypertrophy of the anterior cruciate ligament. Mucoid degeneration of the ACL is suspected when an apparently thickened and ill-defined ligament with increased signal intensity on all sequences in MRI is identified in a patient with physically intact ligament and no obvious trauma history. The quality of methodology was excellent in one study, good in five studies, low in two studies and very low in one study (Tables 1 and 2). Epub 2013 Aug 27. Introduction Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (MDACL) is a rare entity, first described by Kumar et al. Ahuja A, Parekh C, Salomon A, Lawande M, Daftary A. Skeletal Radiol. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2011 Aug;19(8):1326-33. doi: 10.1007/s00167-011-1433-0. Reeducation. This may support the theory that it is a degenerative process. Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. 2006 Sep;69(9):449-52. doi: 10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70290-4. Conclusion: Treatment of ACL mucoid degeneration by this modality is effective in preventing recurrence, post-operative laxity and provides better functional outcome compared to the classical partial resection of the degenerated ACL. 1999;81(2):304305. 2022 Mar;14(1):76-89. doi: 10.4055/cios20163. Six studies reported using the pivot shift test; unsurprisingly, Lintz et al. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Hamal B, Karmacharya M, Mangal Joshi K, Gorkhali R. J Nepal Health Res Counc. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. -, Fealy S, Kenter K, Dines JS, Warren RF. If arthroscopy is performed, the ligament may appear entirely normal, especially using the standard anterior portal approach. Mucoid degeneration (MD) of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a benign knee pathology, which is often indicated for surgical treatment if symptomatic. volume33, Articlenumber:26 (2021) As there was no control group in any of the studies and the natural history of MDACL is not known, the postoperative improvement may have been attributed to the placebo effect, simultaneous arthroscopic procedures or the postoperative rehabilitation, or may be due to the pain having resolved without treatment at all. On physical exam, the Lachman test for ACL instability is negative with an ACL ganglion. Arthroscopy 24(6):642649. Due to the heterogeneity of data, a meta-analysis was not possible, and a narrative review was deemed most appropriate. Mucoid Degeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Characterization of Natural History, Femoral Notch Width Index, and Patient Reported Outcome Measures. Read more, Physiopedia 2023 | Physiopedia is a registered charity in the UK, no. Association between magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and pathological findings in entire posterior cruciate ligament with mucoid degeneration. Chudasama et al. ACL tears don't heal as such. -, Hsu CJ, Wang SC, Fong YC, Huang CY, Chiang IP, Hsu HC. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria [11] (Table1). Most authors believe that partial ACL resection is the treatment of choice in symptomatic MD of the ACL. eCollection 2013. It may lead to knee pain. When refering to evidence in academic writing, you should always try to reference the primary (original) source. Individuals were included in the study if they had had complete MRIs of the affected knee at baseline and at 4-year follow-up, had thigh MRIs at baseline and had no additional surgery in the meantime. -, Bergin D, Morrison WB, Carrino JA, Nallamshetty SN, Bartolozzi AR. 2. The clinical presentation is one of posterior pain with limited flexion. Pre-debridement arthroscopic view showing yellowish content in the anterior cruciate ligament. A posterior approach will allow for the detection of changes by probing the ligament and mucoid material can be expressed. The .gov means its official. This did not appear to affect the postoperative rate of clinically detectable laxity, which was comparable to that in other studies. 2 ). I give my consent to Physiopedia to be in touch with me via email using the information I have provided in this form for the purpose of news, updates and marketing. The site is secure. #radiologycpd #medicalimaging #imaging #radcme #rheumatology #arthritis #rheumatologist #orthopaedic #painphysician #physiotherapy #sportsmed #orthopaedic #mskmri. ACL debridement was partial in all studies except for those by Lintz et al. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. mucoid degeneration acl symptoms. Would you like email updates of new search results? Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Average patient age was 49 (22 to 68) years. We report a case of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). reported on the co-existence of mucoid degeneration and ganglia of the ACL. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative.
Types Of Deception In The Bible,
What Are The Similarities Between Buddhism, Sikhism And Hinduism,
Len Barker Perfect Game Announcers,
Articles M
mucoid degeneration of acl physiotherapy