which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology

refers to the retention of information or experience over time? Is an innate human ability to understand and produce language. While schemata allow for more efficient information processing, there can be problems with schemata, regardless of whether they are accurate: Perhaps this particular firefighter is not brave, they just work as a firefighter to pay the bills while studying to become a childrens librarian. Which of the following characteristics is essential to the process of critical thinking? 110-120. grove hill medical center new britain, ct; . High-imagery words are encoded both visually and semantically (Paivio, 1986), thus building a stronger memory. b. scientific characteristics do a. attention and spatial memory. According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to young children's. A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). c. measure what it's supposed to measure. consent of Rice University. B. e. $23,000. A person's knowledge about the world is known as _____ memory. Note the longest string at which you got the series correct. At first thought, nothing comes to mind. View this video that explains short-term and long-term memory to learn more about how memories are stored and retrieved. c. the representative heuristic. A. Humility d. is the latest technology in teaching deaf people to talk. They are motivated more externally than internally. Q. d. They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. Publish: 15 days ago. C. Working backward in establishing subgoals should be typically avoided. c. language could help a child learn to control social behavior. c. use sign language B. divergent thinking. a. Emotional intelligence Which of the following statements are true of algorithms? then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, (credit: Mark Richardson), video that explains short-term and long-term memory, video about superior autobiographical memory, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/8-1-how-memory-functions, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Discuss the three basic functions of memory, Describe the three stages of memory storage, Describe and distinguish between procedural and declarative memory and semantic and episodic memory. In this case, Claudia is using a(n) D. deductive reasoning. C. Retroductive reasoning ________ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance. Kanzi, the chimpanzee, communicates with researchers by using: b. the representative heuristic. d. means-end analysis. Identify the most shielded and least shielded protons in (a) 2-Bromobutane (b) 1, 1, 2-Trichloropropane (c) Tetrahydrofuran. If you are working in a situation where you absolutely need the correct or best possible answer, your best bet is to use an algorithm. C. analytical Round the results to three decimal places. A. Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience. Which of the following is a true statement regarding algorithms? citation tool such as, Authors: Rose M. Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D. Lovett. A six-year-old child with a mental age of 6 would have an IQ of C. Selection bias (b) Based on the correlation matrix, is collinearity a problem? A. inductive reasoning. Since then, Tulving and others have reformulated the theory, and currently scientists believe that episodic memory is memory about happenings in particular places at particular timesthe what, where, and when of an event (Tulving, 2002). which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychologysymbols in the convergence of the twain. _________ includes the ability to be self-motivated, to feel what others feel, and to be socially skilled. Our powerful event schema dictates our behavior in the elevator, and it is no different with our phones. She carefully follows her mother's recipe to ensure that the dish turns out correctly. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. 6 Q A stream cipher is a type of algorithm that encrypts a group of bits collectively as blocks. b. tomato Semantic memory is knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts. It involves learning information that you previously learned. The reason people are more likely to come up with plate after reading about a picnic is that plate is associated (linked) with picnic. A. the child's IQ is average. What word did you come up with? Really quickly, what is the first word that comes to mind when you hear peanut butter? A semantic network consists of concepts, and as you may recall from what youve learned about memory, concepts are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. divide them into groups of data that are near each other. CONCEPT Definition of an Algorithm 6 Which of the following statements about APIs is true? Think about what you do when you walk into an elevator (Figure 7.4). a. communicate with one another; dream more vividly C. 75. D. 95, Which of the following would NOT be a case of mental retardation? Suddenly Monique gets the idea to empty her shredder and use the shredded junk mail confetti for packing material. D. evaluating solutions, rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time. She has looked at several different possibilities and now must select which apartment best suits her needs. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Whorf used the now-famous example of the Inuits' many words for snow to support the: a. Posted on 3. answer choices. This way, when you try to remember the phone number of your new prospective friend, you will easily remember the area code. D. Algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem. According to Gardner's multiple intelligences, which of the following types of vocations would most likely require bodily kinesthetic intelligence? Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become thoughts. Which of the following is true of long-term memory? Unlike heuristics, algorithms provide a definite solution to problem. As you drive home, you hear your phones ring tone. An algorithm is a software used to compute numbers. Parents who use the _____ parenting style give strict rules to their children with little discussion of the reasons for the rules, Compared to authoritarian parents, authoritative parents are likely to be, Cooper's father is a corporate executive who works long hours. One cannot really consider long-term memory without thinking about the way it is organized. This test can be considered: If an instructor was referring to a stream during a lecture, a student's mental image is likely to be: A triangle always has three angles and three sides. When solving a problem, if a person is hesitant or unable to think beyond solutions that have worked in the past, he or she is stuck in: Recognition happens when you identify information that you have previously learned after encountering it again. Evaluate solutions B. In keeping with the computer analogy, some information in your long-term memory would be like the information you have saved on the hard drive. semantic. nondeclarative (implicit) memory. B. the availability heuristic. It encompasses all the things you can remember that happened more than just a few minutes ago. and you must attribute OpenStax. In order to prepare herself, she enrolls in a Spanish course at the local community center. D. drop out of college. Students from various groups within the U.S., as well as students from other countries, may have problems with this question because it is probably He has skipped three grades and is a straight A student with superior verbal and mathematical talent. When you remember something, you usually have several routes to get the information you are trying to access, and the more links you have to a concept, the better your chances of remembering. For instance, some people really enjoy picnics. In the context of human development, _____ refers to the individual's environmental and social experiences. Find the percentage. B. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. b. insight. C. telepathy. So you have worked hard to encode (via effortful processing) and store some important information for your upcoming final exam. For example, while it is quite common for people to greet one another with a handshake in the United States, in Tibet, you greet someone by sticking your tongue out at them, and in Belize, you bump fists (Cairns Regional Council, n.d.). Which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages of prenatal development? b. The 60 words were actually divided into 4 categories of meaning, although the participants did not know this because the words were randomly presented. d. all languages are similar in certain universal ways. In this way, concepts touch every aspect of our lives, from our many daily routines to the guiding principles behind the way governments function. Now, try writing them again, using the following prompts: bagpipe, ship christening, and parachutist. consent of Rice University. A. the availability heuristic Monique routinely uses a shredder to shred her junk-mail into confetti-sized pieces of paper, which she then just throws away. A. Heuristics guarantee a solution to a problem. The questions required the participants to process the words at one of the three levels. The acoustic processing questions asked the participants about the sound or rhyming of the words, and the semantic processing questions asked the participants about the meaning of the words. When you study United States history, for example, you learn about more than just individual events that have happened in Americas past. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. C. functional fixedness. According to Goldstone and Kersten (2003), concepts act as building blocks and can be connected in countless combinations to create complex thoughts. Claudia is trying to cook her mother's famous lasagna. Identify the age group during which children typically understand adult literary work. Descriptions: Algorithms can be written to solve every problem. However, this would be very time-consuming and treatment needs to be implemented quickly. d. where a person lives does not, What a person knows about a particular type of object does, A recent study has shown that for a group of individuals with ______, computerized cognitive exercises that placed increasing demands on auditory perception were beneficial. This implies that An algorithm is a step-by-step method to solve a problem. c. confirmation bias. b. not important in measuring intelligence. d. mechanical solution. B. They are devised while developing problem-solving strategies. We are constantly bombarded with sensory information. In the context of loss aversion, identify the true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. d. semantics. Concepts are universal and influence the development of language. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Imagine all of your thoughts as if they were physical entities, swirling rapidly inside your mind. Psychologists would describe Cooper's father's style of parenting as. They love going into nature, spreading a blanket on the ground, and eating a delicious meal. Although individual experiences and expertise can affect concept arrangement, concepts are believed to be arranged hierarchically in the mind (Anderson & Reder, 1999; Johnson & Mervis, 1997, 1998; Palmer, Jones, Hennessy, Unze, & Pick, 1989; Rosch, Mervis, Gray, Johnson, & Boyes-Braem, 1976; Tanaka & Taylor, 1991). Multiple Choice Q17 _____ psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of higher mental processes,including thinking,language,memory,problem solving,knowing,reasoning,and judging. Psychologists who study problem-solving have described two main processes that people utilize to reach conclusions: algorithms and heuristics. Practical intelligence A. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. As long as the professor was dressed appropriately, it does not really matter what she was wearing. Which of the following is true of algorithms and heuristics for solving real-life problems? There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. d.$8,000. He travels several days throughout the month and spends very little time with Cooper. D. creative, US FR Final: First Period: Early Years of the. They are also known as mechanical solutions. To make this process more complex, the brain does not gather information from external environments only. D. hindsight bias, ________ is the tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. Which of the following are examples of algorithms? If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, For example, you might easily recall a fact, such as the capital of the United States, but you might struggle to recall the name of the restaurant at which you had dinner when you visited a nearby city last summer. Psychotherapy (Chic). Round answer to the nearest cent. B. Algorithms/artificial intelligence (AI) If you did, you probably have associated peanut butter and jelly in your mind. During decay, the memory trace becomes less activated over time, and the information is forgotten. Despite not knowing this person, already you have unknowingly made judgments about them. Answer the following statement (s) true (T) or false (F) in Computer Science & Information Technology. They are used to evaluate the solutions. This would be similar to finding and opening a paper you had previously saved on your computers hard drive. Language could help a child learn to control social behavior. A heuristic is a mental shortcut that allows people to quickly make judgments and solve problems. c. trial and error method words merely reflect rather than cause the way we think. Explicit memory is divided into episodic memory and semantic memory. D. a seven-year-old child with an IQ of 40 who was born with brain damage and needs constant attention from caregivers, an adult who, after 30 years of normal intellectual functioning, is involved in an automobile A. autistic. Upon waking each morning, you begin thinkingcontemplating the tasks that you must complete that day. 2010;47(4):554-69. doi:10.1037/a0021184, Bobadilla-Suarez S, Love BC. What good is economic theory if it cant 120. c. reliable. Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed the levels of processing hypothesis that states the deeper you think about something, the better you remember it. If one part of a network is activated, it is easier to access the associated concepts because they are already partially activated. d. music notes on a keyboard. This is an example of Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F) in Business. a. Industrial Psychology: Selecting and Evaluating Employees, Organizational Psychology: The Social Dimension of Work, Human Factors Psychology and Workplace Design, Diagnosing and Classifying Psychological Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Mental Health Treatment: Past and Present, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: A Special Case, The Sociocultural Model and Therapy Utilization. Dr. Ambrose is administering an intelligence test, and one question asks, "During what month of the year does the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball championship games start?" For example, imagine you meet someone who introduces himself as a firefighter. a. emotional intelligence. A different approach might be needed if speed is the primary concern. There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. D. 5 to 6, ________ may help us to generalize, whereas ________ may help us accomplish a goal. b. They may use established criteria to make judgments. In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray made the unfounded claim that: a. snacks and friends. Participants were given words along with questions about them. 30 seconds. You have to cook dinner for 30 people on Saturday. Jessica has been searching for a new apartment. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures. B. Algorithms are faster than heuristics. C. subgoaling. B. the scores are distributed across all points evenly. Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. d. "street smarts.". They are used to evaluate the solutions. Why or why not? Because you can recall images (mental pictures) more easily than words alone. c. means-end analysis. C. Vocabulary usually decreases below 50 words per day when children are between ages 9 and 11. d. similar to, Which of the following images is the best example of a prototype for a fruit? a. intelligence is largely inherited. Algorithms consist of a combination of sequences, selections, and/or . C. functional fixedness. By following the instructions correctly, you are guaranteed to arrive at the right answer. d. Practical intelligence, Researchers have found that animals ________ with one another. B. (b) In contrast, artificial concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that they always exhibit, such as what defines different basic shapes. d. valid. A heuristic is a simple thinking strategy that allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently. It probably required a lot of work and attention on your part in order to encode that information. b. like a photo negative of The working memory files hold a limited amount of information. Concepts can be complex and abstract, like justice, or more concrete, like types of birds. By themselves, the statements that you wrote down were most likely confusing and difficult for you to recall. An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. From a language perspective, Jordan is having difficulty with a specific _______. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time. For example, before learning the concept of area of a square (and the formula to find it), you must understand what a square is. B. representativeness heuristic. George Miller's classic research showed that the average capacity of short-term is between _____ units of information. B. There are several types of implicit memories, including procedural, priming, and emotional conditioning. C. timing bias. Algorithms can be used to achieve just about any logical flow, but based on the input, expected output, and complexity of the logic to get from the input to the output, the efficacy of an algorithm can vary. Jacob received his score on his math paper and realized that he performed poorly. If Derrick answered correctly, he was able to identify _____ morpheme(s). a. creative OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. So if you face a situation where a decision needs to be made very quickly, you might be better off using a different problem-solving strategy. A(n) _____ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem. IQ is assumed to be normally distributed with a mean IQ of 100 and a typical standard deviation of about: d. trial and error, The ________ involves estimating the likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory. Other concepts, like the characteristics of your ideal friend or your familys birthday traditions, are personal and individualized. Identify Tasks that Can Create an Algorithm, Identify the Likely Use for a Program Algorithm. Words that had been encoded semantically were better remembered than those encoded visually or acoustically. B. a. standardization. When you are solving problems for your math homework, you don't want to risk your grade on a guess. In what order should you run your errands? There are several types of schemata. d. severe depression. C. Working backward in establishing subgoals should be typically avoided. Post author: Post published: 22/06/2022 Post category: luxury picnic houston Post comments: jacob lowe weight loss pictures jacob lowe weight loss pictures citation tool such as, Authors: Rose M. Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D. Lovett. One barrier to innovative problem solving is persisting in using techniques that have been successful in the past, also known as: c. algorithmic. You use concepts to see the relationships among the different elements of your experiences and to keep the information in your mind organized and accessible. Carla is a first-semester freshman at State University. Which of the following is a difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies? C. Fixation If, however, youve lived your whole life on the island of Saint Vincent in the Caribbean, you may never have actually seen snow, much less tasted, smelled, or touched it. C. fixation Five-year old Jordan is seeing a speech therapist in his preschool once a week because he has difficulty saying the "r" sound in his own name. A. suggest obvious operations. Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience. b. A. rethink and redefine his problem. pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), is an algorithm for creating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate those of a random number. or numbers for which there is no identifiable pattern or sequence. We recommend using a determine the nearest neighbors of each of the data. Which of the following is the main difference between algorithms and heuristics? A. generalized. where the event takes place. Scientists who study cognition are searching for ways to understand how we integrate, organize, and utilize our conscious cognitive experiences without being aware of all of the unconscious work that our brains are doing (for example, Kahneman, 2011). A. indulge in fixations. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychologydr donald blakeslee During proactive interference, previously learned information interferes with the ability to learn new information. C. algorithm According to the social brain hypothesis, each of us can deal effectively with social interactions with roughly 150 people. They also sometimes focus on how we organize thoughts and information gathered from our environments into meaningful categories of thought, which will be discussed later. Short-term memory storage lasts 15 to 30 seconds. In the process, your brain gathers details that inform and refine your understanding of related concepts like democracy, power, and freedom. In short, you know snow. Sensory information about sights, sounds, smells, and even textures, which we do not view as valuable information, we discard. A. Heuristics take more time than algorithms. In this case, Dan's experience demonstrates. Cognitive psychologists strive to determine and measure different types of intelligence, why some people are better at problem solving than others, and how emotional intelligence affects success in the workplace, among countless other topics.

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