Get DIY project ideas and easy-to-follow crafts to help you spruce up your space. 5 Recommended Routes. Plates for this note were completed in Manila shortly before U.S. troops entered the city on 3 February 1945, and the Japanese printed the 1,000 Pesos note while they were retreating from Manila to Baguio. 8 pcs 1942-1944 US Philippines WW2 ILOILO Emergency Notes 1, 2, 5, 10 20 Pesos, WW2 US Philippines 5 Pesos ILOCOS NORTE Registered Emergency Treasury Certificat, PHILIPPINES 5 PESOS 1943 JAPANESE OCCUPATION WWII PICK 110 a VALUE $1250, K64 Philippines Japanese Occ; 50 Pcs - 5 Pesos with Stamps no date-1943 P#110, JAPANESE GOVERNMENT BANKNOTE 10 PESOS .USED LIGHT FOLD.NICE COLECTIBLES, Vintage "The Japanese Government" One (1) Peso "WWII" Note, OLD BANKNOTE OF JAPANESE GOVERNMENT 5 CENTAVOS WORLD WAR II PHILIPPINES PG, The Japanese Government Five Pesos Paper Money WWII Era Phillipines N327. Recently[when?] true. Ending Mar 6 at 6:25AM PHT 2d 2h. The Filipino legislature was not interested in pursuing the matter and nothing came of it. The 1, 5 and 10-dollar notes initially had serial numbers; these were later omitted. I found a Japanese government ten pesos is it worth anything? After the war, a great many people turned them and received a receipt. Japanese Government Paper Money WWII Era Phillipines 100, 5, (2 x)1 peso notes, Japanese Government Paper Money WWII Era Phillipines 5 peso notes - Lot of 4, 2pc Japanese Government 10-Pesos 5-Centavos WWII Currency Philippines Bank Note, Banknote Philippines Japanese Government-issued 5 Pesos, WW2 AMERICAN OCCUPATION 5 PESOS JAPANESE GOVERNMENT CURRENCY, JAPANESE GOVERNMENT CURRENCY 5 PESOS 1941 WITH STAMPED, JAPANESE GOVERNMENT CURRENCY 5 PESOS 1941 WITH WWII WAR STAMPED, JAPANESE CURRENCY NOTES WWII , LGE LOT, PESOS GOVERNMENT 2, 5, 10, 100, 1942 Philippines Five (5) Pesos "Japanese Government" WWll Note, PHILIPPINES 5 Pesos 1943, P-110, Japanese Government WWII, JIM, Original aUNC, Lot of 12 Japanese Government 1, 5, 10, 100 Peso Notes, 1943 Philippines Japanese Government 1 & 5 Pesos Banknotes P109b P110a Fine, BY3530- Philippines 1942 ND Issue, Japanese Government 5 Pesos note P-107a, Japanese Government Occupation One Peso, 50 Centavos, 5 Centavos,and 1 Centavo, 5 Pesos The Japanese Government Paper Money, THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT FIVE (5) PESOS BANKNOTE Vintage Currency, 6 The Japanese Government One Hundred Pesos Bills 5 Near Mint, LOT OF 3 Japanese Government 5 Pesos Paper Money WWII Era Phillipines, The Japanese Government 5 Five Pesos Paper Money WWII Era Phillipines, BANKNOTE Japanese Government 5 Pesos Paper Money Currency, 5 Pesos Japanese Government Philippines Banknotes, Japanese Government 5 Peso Note Phillipines -- World War II era, Authentic Japanese Government 5 Peso Note Bill, PHILIPPINES 5 Peso JAPANESE GOVERNMENT 1942 Banknote, Lot E : WWII Japanese Government Philippines 5 Pesos, 4 pcs (Circulated), Billet 5 Pesos - The Japanese Government - Japon, Lot C : WWII Japanese Government Philippines 5 Pesos, 4 pcs (Circulated), Billet de 5 Pesos - The Japanese Government, Lot D : WWII Japanese Government Philippines 5 Pesos, 4 pcs (Circulated), THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT FIVE (5) PESOS BANKNOTE Vintage Currency BH, Japanese Government JIM Paper Money (2) 5 Pesos (3) 1 Centavo (3) 10 Centavos, WWII Five Peso Japanese Government occupation money for Philippines, Vintage WWII Japanese Government 5 Pesos Philippine Fiat Peso 1943, Vintage WWII Japanese Government 5 Centavos Philippine Fiat Peso 1942 TORN, Philippines Money Currency Japanese Government 5 pesos. Japanese invasion money to collect! For example, if you have a Serial Number 681356 vs. a Serial Number 1 note, the latter will always be more valuable, regardless of condition. Check out MATCHA's discount coupons! She specialized in short stories and poetry. Transition to independence had begun with the passage of the TydingsMcDuffie Act in the U.S. Congress. Once the other currency run out, BSP will be forced to EITHER print new currency OR restore the materials used for the old but resilient 1000 peso bills. 50-yen coins can be used to buy individually-packed candy known as "dagashi," and these coins can also be used to buy discount drinks at places like Don Quijote. new, without fold ! [citation needed] In its place, the Japanese issued several series of fiat currency. Amounts shown in italicized text are for items listed in currency other than Canadian dollars and are approximate conversions to Canadian dollars based upon Bloomberg's conversion rates. What serial numbers can make a bill more valuable? Items priced at 100 yen line the shelves at 100- yen stores: food, clothing, household goods and more. These currency notes were brought home by the military men after the world war. In the foreign exchange market between dollars and pesos, the demand for dollars by Mexicans creates the supply of pesos. The United States government produced the following counterfeit notes: Since these notes were printed in large volumes, compared to the small population of the Philippine Islands, the initial supply was very plentiful. including a bill from House Foreign Affairs Chair Michael McCaul that would authorize Biden to ban the app. A 10-yen coin doesn't buy much on its own, but it can be convenient can charge an IC card with 10 yen coins and to use them at vending machines. Japan invaded various Asian countries, occupying vast territories and setting up military administrations. What is it worth in today's market? Environmental damage is a very real thing, especially in warmer, more damp, climates. Today, they are not commonly found in circulation, and have a value equal to one thousandth of a peso. 10 Pesos 1942 Philippines Japanese Government WWII, stamp ! Akihabara Travel Guide: Visit Japan's Electronics And Otaku Center! Nearly 110 years later, the Republic of Mexico introduced its first 1 peso banknote in 1936. 1944 ushered in a 100 Peso note and soon after an inflationary 500 Pesos note. 1 dollar = 35 pesos oro 100 dollars = 3500 pesos oro 1000 dollars = 35000 pesos oro 10000 dollars = 350000 pesos oro What is a 1984 1000 un mil pesos bill worth? Ive owned some of the scracist banknotes in existance, however, because not many people know or care of their existance, theyre relatively worthless. , Translation: A follow-up letter three months later has a request for another 70,000 pieces of counterfeit scrip as the previous supply "proved to be very useful" and was exhausted. However, to make it easier to distinguish them from 100 yen coins at a glance, holes were incorporated into the design. By luck, a supply of paper made from plants native to Japan was located in the U.S.[4]. Please specify during your search if this is the release you are loo . 24K views, 284 likes, 43 loves, 39 comments, 6 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from ABS-CBN News: Sumali na sa diskusyon sa SRO ngayong Marso 1, 2023. Buy: $30.00. Enjoy shopping in Japan! Manufacturing of counterfeit notes was then transferred to Australia. Contact a reputable paper money expert if you want the most money for your rare bill. If youre unsure about the scarcity of your serial number, we wrote a whole in-depth guide here. [3] Many survivors of the war tell stories of going to the market laden with suitcases or "bayng" (native bags made of woven coconut or buri leaf strips) overflowing with the Japanese-issued bills. Inflation also forced the Japanese to issue notes for 100, 500 and 1000 pesos in 1944. Face value: 1 P - Philippine Colonial peso Score: 18% Accuracy: Very High Description: The Japanese Government Series (block): 1-81 Serial #: 7 digits Front: Jose Rizal monument . On 22 December the main Japanese invasion forces landed at Lingayen Gulf. It represents the struggles of people during the war as a historical piece. Japan 50 Sen Paper Money Values Powered by NumisMaster Japan - Great Imperial Japanese Government (Cont.) Robert's World Money. Imperial Government of Japan, "Co-prosperity Sphere" overprint 5 Facility and Factory Tours in Ibaraki, 7 Exciting Places to Visit Near Haneda Airport! The Japanese invaded Burma in January 1942. Rare Circulated E - Z Series Japanese 2000 Yen Banknote In . Japanese invasion money, officially known as Southern Development Bank Notes , was currency issued by the Japanese Military Authority, as a replacement for local currency after the conquest of colonies and other states in World War II. Inflation also forced the Japanese to issue notes for 100, 500 and 1000 pesos in 1944. During World War II in the Philippines, the occupying Japanese government issued a fiat currency in several denominations; this is known as the Japanese government-issued Philippine peso (see also Japanese invasion money). Complete checkout and get paid within 5 days of receiving your currencies. Not replicas, these notes are authentic pieces of World War II history, the most historically significant event of the 20th century: politically . Complete checkout and get paid within 5 days of receiving your currencies. There is a saying in Japan that "he who laughs at one yen will weep at one yen," meaning that all money has value, even something as small as a one yen coin. [9] The 1944 100-dollar replacement note no longer contained this message. Philippine 1 Peso 1941 Treasury Certificate MABINI SN# E1171143E. [9], It reads: "The Japanese Military Government commanded their troops in Burma to keep the following directives secret. Many banknotes from Japan are valuable, we've paid anywhere from $20 to $4,500 for a single Japanese banknote. They are typically worth between $2-$20 for $1 bills, $10-$12 for $5 bills, and $30-$5,000 for $10 bills all depending on the year of issue. You can enjoy a moderately-priced lunch, dinner, head to a museum, and go shopping for souvenirs with this amount of money. Use left/right arrows to navigate the slideshow or swipe left/right if using a mobile device. Philippines currency 5 pesos Japanese Government. Japanese invasion money to collect! [1], In February 1942 in Japan, laws were passed establishing the Wartime Finance Bank and the Southern Development Bank. Kriffy is a Co-founder and Managing Director at Global PayTech Ventures . The allies obtained a large amount of wartime currency which was later sent to museums or used as souvenirs. U.S. Silver Coins: When They Ended and What Theyre Worth, U.S. Classic Commemoratives & Government Sets. The days of the 2:1 ratio of the Philippine Peso to the US dollar are long gone as conversion rates today sit at over 52 to $1, with the Philippine currency performing the worst it has in over a decade. Most banknotes from Japan will be worth at least $50. I have 4 THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT one peso bills all 4 have a number 39 on t How much is 1963 two dollar bill red seal and red serial number. 1944 ushered in a 100 Peso note and soon after an inflationary 500 Pesos note. [2], The Southern Development Bank provided financial services in areas occupied by the Japanese military. However, feel free to use one yens when you are shopping in-person. [citation needed]. Japanese occupation banknotes were overprinted with the words "The Co-prosperity Sphere: What is it worth? Currently, there are 1,000 yen, 2,000 yen, 5,000 yen and 10,000 yen banknotes in circulation. Japan used the money that was confiscated to purchase raw material, food, and weapons to supply its war machine during World War II. Japanese Invasion Currency Set. These were the Japanese government pesos. 5 Peso bills - PD 1 Peso bills - PH Making up just around 0.9% of the bills in circulation in Japan, you will see this bill rarely, if at all. That would be about 20 US cents. - YouTube 0:00 / 5:29 Rare World War II paper money! Members from this site want to exchange it: squash70, WilliamLA, Avraham Cohen, coindama92, Soweur, That0neZebra, RobTurner9, German_empire5_mark_fan, ajbbarbados, Focus, johnspa, McShurmin, elier.am85, italyprime, antoinetinawi, pennstfan17, Troyhasfunaz, gyoschak, carljacob, jamus64x, MaxMVP, Sam_Romero, rmuniak, See the details of the banknotes available for swap, Add to watchlist. But that bill is no longer in circulation since 1991. They serve as an indication only; they are not intended to be relied upon for buying, selling or exchanging. They hoped that the money would be redeemed for U.S. dollars. Southern Development Bank notes were used as de facto military scrip. {{ inputValue.start }}-{{ inputValue.end }}, Japanese Currency Guide: All About Bills And Coins. World War 2 Japan Invasion Money 10 Bills Gem Unc. To date, no person issued Japanese invasion money in place of their own money has been awarded compensation. Detailed information about the coin 10 Pesos, Philippines, with pictures and collection and swap management: mintage, descriptions, metal, weight, size, value and other numismatic data . This index is based on the data of Numista members collections. Something went wrong. Have a 5 pesos Japanese Government Bill with serial #0031333. The front of the 10,000 yen bill is adorned by an image of the samurai, Yukichi Fukuzawa, who was also an intellectual and an educator in the mid-to-late 1800s in Japan. On January 1, 1823, the first 1 peso note (valued at 8 Mexican reales) was introduced . HANA BIYORI Plum Blossom Festival 2023, Colorful New Vacation Villa Opens on Awaji Island! Mexico's Peso Surges to Key 18-Per-Dollar Level Last Hit in 2018. . Inputting the keywords "one coin" into a search engine will return an extensive list of places where you can eat lunch for a single 500 yen coin. Press the space key then arrow keys to make a selection. The Japanese held Burma until the second Allied campaign of 1944; although an official surrender did not take place until August 1945. They are typically worth between $2-$20 for $1 bills, $10-$12 for $5 bills, and $30-$5,000 for $10 bills all depending on the year of issue Gold Certificates are bills issued between. In 1905, the gold content of the peso was reduced by nearly 50%. 15 reviews of Pubbelly Sushi "I love the vibe of this place.. amazing music , amazing food and the people were great. Malaysian scrip is in dollars (Straits or Malayan dollars) and therefore is often, mistakenly, thought to be for the invasion of the United States. See the details of the banknotes available for swap, Buy banknotes from the Philippines at eBay, P#109a Serial number and block number (1-81). Another popular way of paying is via IC cardusing your Suica, Pasmo, Icoca, or other prepaid transportation cards to shop. This is an area most can understand quickly. In its place, the Japanese issued several series of fiat currency. You can also enjoy a bowl of ramen for 1,000 yen or less. The banknotes are printed in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 pesos. . It is still important to carry around cash, but you may not need as much as you think you do. In 1943, the Japanese commuted the sentence of Dr. Ba Maw, an outspoken advocate for Burmese self-rule, and installed him as the head of the puppet government. We hope you found it useful. Many times, paper money we buy is in poor condition due to how it was stored. This page was last updated: 04-Mar 04:47. Be careful because it cannot be used in vending machines. By the end of the war, all wartime currency immediately lost its value. In February 1942, Japan captured the Philippines and drove America out. $5000 peso coin need ameriacn money need american money eric jackson To Fred and Cynthia A 1989 2000 peso bill is equivalent now to 2 Mexican pesos. Product Description Real WW2 Imperial Japanese Gov. Exchange and get: 0.00 690 1 PHP = 0.0013800000 Add to wallet The first issue in 1942 consisted of denominations of 1, 5, 10 and 50 centavos and 1, 5, and 10 Pesos. Buy: $65.00. Value Range: US 10 cents - $150. Buy banknotes from the Philippines at eBay, Numista type number (https://en.numista.com/help/what-is-the-n-number-visible-in-the-catalogue-33.html). The cooler the serial number is, the higher liklihood you have of scoring something really worth yor time. McKinley 1916 PNB SN# A1643060A. Looking for reasonably-priced accommodation in Japan? In Oceania, invasion money was issued for use in British New Guinea, the Solomon and Gilbert Islands and other small island outposts. . Territories Coin Values, Eisenhower Dollar: Key Dates, Rarities and Varieties. The authentic 100 Peso notes have the following features: The Japanese yen is the currency issued by the Japanese government. Most bento boxes sold at convenience stores cost around 500 yen, and are a great option for someone trying to save money on food expenses. who lived under Japanese occupation blamed the Allies for the hyperinflation. In December 1942, the outstanding balance of Southern Development Bank notes stood at more than 470million. All notes bore the name of the Imperial Japanese government. Available in two varieties. After the fall of Singapore in February 1942, the Japanese attacked the Netherland Indies which were effectively overtaken by 9 March 1942 and held until surrender in August 1945. The company's operations . One peso is the equivalent of one-hundred centavos (100 MXN). Explore Hiroshimas Hidden Gems! James Bucki is a nationally-recognized coin collector and numismatic expert and author, sharing his knowledge and specialized training in coin grading, minting errors, and collection techniques. The U.S. prepared a propaganda parody of the 5 rupee banknote issued for use in Burma from 1942 to 1944. Ten Peso Bill ( Japanese Government ) During World War II in the Philippines, the occupying Japanese government issued fiat currency in several denominations; this is known as the Japanese government-issued Philippine fiat peso (see also Japanese invasion money). One option is a teishoku, or lunch sets, which typically contain rice, a main dish, soup and similar menu items. A 10,000 yen bill in your wallet is enough for a day of fun out in Tokyo or the city. 1958 Mo Mexico Peso NCS Genuine Rainbow Toned coin. Great quality & I gave one to my hubby also, I definitely will purchase again, they are better made than I expected, worth the minimal cost & I love em Purchased item: Santa Muerte Golden Million Dollar Bill. I have a Japanese Government 10 Pesos. 1944 Japanese Government ( Philippines ) 100 Pesos, (4) WWII THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT 10 TEN PESOS CURRENCY, WWII JAPANESE GOVERNMENT. A basic omikuji paper fortune at a shrine or temple will usually cost 100 yen. This guide on paper money fromJapan covers all valuable banknotes printed in Japan. In 1944, inflation lead to the issuing of a 100-dollar note. Book flights, bullet train tickets, and accommodation in Japan at the best rates! You can get about 60 seconds of talk time during the day and about 80 seconds of talk time at night. Values in the table above are expressed in USD. By luck, a supply of paper made from plants native to Japan was located in the U.S.[7] When that supply was exhausted the counterfeiting operation was transferred to Australia. This in combination with a strong collector base equates to higher prices. Currently no prices for 'bill wesley eight old straight bourbon whisky vintage kentucky' 2023 vintage USA We've expanded your search to include other vintages . In 1942, the Japanese issued paper scrip currency of 1, 5 and 10 cents and , 1, 5 and 10 Gulden notes. At the end of World War II, many of the notes were burned or thrown in the garbage. On December 8, 1941, the Japanese invaded the Philippines. Showing 1 price for All countries All vintages Can you tell me any thing about them. PHILIPPINES 200 PESO 1949 CENTRAL BANK PICK 140 a VALUE $165. The message was intended to encourage Filipinos still in sympathy with the Japanese to reconsider their allegiance to the Greater East Asia plan. Repeat these steps for any other notes and coins you want to exchange. It is estimated that they seized more than $20.5 million U.S. dollars and local cash. It is said that producing a one yen coin costs three yen. 5. The Japanese military authority issued this currency to replace local currency after Japan invaded countries and colonies in World War II. Before they left, Japanese troops destroyed bank records and any remaining currency. Banknotes from Japan were printed in very small runs, making them incredibly challenging to come by. At the end of the war, many were kept and are now available to collectors. Robert S. writes: I have a bill (paper money) Face says THE JAPANESE GOVERMENT TEN PESOS in English. Condition is arguably one of the most important factors when determining condition. Has Japanese characters at the bottom, and the letters PE in red. Exchange and get: 1.96 000. 1943 brought "replacement notes" of the 1, 5 and 10 Pesos. JIM was issued in Pesos, Rupees, and Guldens. Back Color: Green. It is easy to get these notes but very hard to buy food or other things. The U.S. counterfeited notes throughout the war partly in an attempt to destabilize the local economy, thereby demoralizing the Japanese, and to supply guerillas fighting the Japanese. I have a Japanese government one peso bill with serial number 08305 818 and By entering this site you declare A Guide To Visas And Immigration Procedures. The exchange value has been added to your online wallet. Many of the locals referred to them as "Mickey Mouse Money." Many people saved these notes as a memento. I have a Japanese government one peso bill with serial number 08305 818 and I was wondering how much it is worth? He has over 50 years of numismatic and writing experience, including a monthly magazine column for the American Numismatic Association. New notes were issued to be used locally, and these notes were also known as occupation money or Mickey Mouse peso. [citation needed]. Check our booking page! Additionally, he declared a monopoly on the issuance of any money. Japanese Peso (1 - 40 of 84 results) Price ($) Shipping Categories Home Decor 1940 Philippines invasion currency, 100 Japanese Pesos Set of 3 CheatumsBargains (417) $27.50 WW2 50 Centavos & 1 Peso / Japan Occupation Philippine Islands Currency / Foreign Military Bills / Very Collectible / Great Gift Item AlsPastTreasures (890) $11.75 FREE shipping In 1942, Japan pushed America out of the Philippines and got the land to itself. Large amounts of Japanese invasion money were collected by individuals following the war. Add to watchlist. Value Range: US 10 cents $150. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. Occupation 1. Gradually, the gold and silver content of the coins was replaced with less expensive metals. Most are common. Check the detail and update your settings here. I. The $200 pesos note is worth about $10.00USD and is enunciated as Doscientos (doz-see-n-tos) pesos. Please adjust the number of travelers for your search. It ranges from 0 to 100, 0 meaning a very common coin or banknote and 100 meaning a rare coin or banknote among Numista members. Successive attacks the following day virtually wiped out the American Air Force. PHILIPPINES 5 PESOS 1942 JAPANESE OCCUPATION WWII SCWPM#107a PCGS VF 20 Scares ! With 1,000 yen, you can buy a casual lunch at a chain restaurant. After the Japanese confiscated the hard currency, they replaced it with fiat currency. They issued new currency notes for the locals, Japanese government pesos, and the locals called them Mickey Mouse pesos. Depending on which serial number was printed on the bill can help determine the value of the bill. We personally love collecting this type of banknote because of how rare they are and honestly we never really see them now days. In February 1942 in Japan, laws were passed establishing the Wartime Finance Bank and the Southern Development Bank. Although some notes declared "promises to pay the bearer on demand," Philippine citizens realized that this currency was useless. If your note says anything regarding "Japanese Government" it is a JIM, and is worth far less than $1. Some were destroyed or confiscated. Tour Himeji in Comfort by Sightseeing Taxi! Money that was issued included the Philippines, Burma (now Myanmar), Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak (now Malaysia), Singapore, Brunei, the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and some areas of Oceania (New Guinea and the Solomon and Gilbert islands). Mesmerising Cherry Blossoms at teamLab Planets in Tokyo, Welcome Spring at Yomiurilands Flower Park! We use cookies to improve our contents. Minister of Internal Affairs . Any citizen found in possession of guerrilla notes would be arrested and possibly executed. It's also good news as it means that now there is a bill worth more than $5USD (the highest bill before the new release converts at just under $6USD). NAKED FLOWERS FOR YOU: An Immersive Art Cafe. The Japanese invaded Manila on 2 January 1942, and in the process captured more than $20.5Million in U.S. and local cash and an unknown amount of foreign currency and bullion. These bills are oftentimes quickly consumed by the marketplace whenever one hits the market. If you don't see your banknote pictured here, it is likely common, modern, or not valuable. Collector's Currency. For banknotes from Japan, however, that is not the case. Wong Hon Sum, The Japanese Occupation of Malaya (Singapore) and its Currency (Singapore, 1996. When first released, 50-yen coins lacked holes in the middle. They are rare and have more value than any other Japanese government currency notes, and they are considered as valuable collectibles. Lightly circulated. They are based on evaluations by Numista users and sales realized on Internet platforms. Thanks. The Association held the notes, issued membership certificates, official ID cards, and deposit passbooks. Both institutions issued bonds to raise funds. 1949 PHILIPPINES 1 2 5 10 20 50 & 100 Peso ENGLISH Specimen Note set . [5] Large amounts of the currency were obtained by Allied forces and civilians at the end of the war. For the scrip used in many Disney-owned locations, see, Obverse and reverse of the 500-peso note, 19441945, Japanese governmentissued Philippine peso, Arlie Slabaugh, Japanese Invasion Money by Hewitts Numismatic Information Series (Chicago Press, 1967), Last edited on 25 February 2023, at 23:32, Japanese government-issued dollar in Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei, "Japanese Peso Note | McClung Museum of Natural History & Culture", Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas - Official website of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_governmentissued_Philippine_peso&oldid=1141617382, 50-centavo bills: PA, PB, PE, PF, PG, PH and PI, This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 23:32.

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